Claude Antoine Gabriel, duc de Choiseul-Stainville

Claude Antoine Gabriel, duc de Choiseul-Stainville (26 August 1760, Lunéville – 1 December 1838) was a French soldier and émigré Royalist.

Biography

He was brought up at Chanteloup, under the care of his relative, Etienne François, duc de Choiseul, who was childless. In 1778, he married his cousin, Marie Stephanie de Choiseul-Stainville, daughter of Etienne's younger brother Jacques Philippe de Choiseul, marquis de Choiseul-Stainville. The latter had only daughters, so Claude became heir to the family titles.

When the French Revolution erupted, he was a colonel of Dragoons, and throughout the following period, he remained a Legitimist. Choiseul-Stainville took part in the attempt of King Louis XVI to escape from Paris on 20 June 1791, was arrested with the king, and imprisoned (see Flight to Varennes). Liberated in May 1792, he fled France in October, and fought in the émigré army of Louis Joseph de Bourbon, prince de Condé against the French Republic. Captured in 1795, he was confined at Dunkirk, escaped, set sail for India, was wrecked on the French coast, and condemned to death by the decree of the French Directory. Nevertheless, he was fortunate enough to escape once more.

Napoleon Bonaparte allowed him to return to France in 1801, but he remained in private life until the fall of the First French Empire in 1815. After the Bourbon Restoration he was called to the new Chambre des Pairs (House of Peers) by King Louis XVIII. During the Revolution of 1830, he was nominated a member of the provisional government. He afterwards received from Louis-Philippe the post of aide-de-camp to the king and governor of the Louvre Palace. He died in Paris eight years later.

Honours
gollark: I wonder how factorio does it. It automatically assembles items from stuff you have.
gollark: In wyvern you can use `c(raft)` to, amazingly, run `turtle.craft`.
gollark: (it was a joke)
gollark: Even better: I've already implemented it.
gollark: Wait, I have an idea - how about "UserCrafting"? The user gets out the items they want to use, then pushes a button to assemble the item, then uses a command to put it back into the system.

References
  1. RD of 10.03.1833
  •  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Choiseul-Stainville, Claude". Encyclopædia Britannica. 6 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 262.
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