Clarence (carriage)

A clarence is a type of carriage that was popular in the early 19th century. It is a closed, four-wheeled horse-drawn vehicle with a projecting glass front and seats for four passengers inside. The driver sat at the front, outside the carriage. The clarence was named after Prince William, Duke of Clarence and St Andrews, later to become King William IV of England, who died in 1837.[1] It was introduced in 1840 in London. The Brougham was a lighter, two-passenger version originally commissioned by Lord Brougham.[2]

A Clarence from the Royal Mews in London on the daily messenger run between Buckingham and St James's Palaces.

In time, second-hand clarences came to be used as hackney carriages, earning the nickname 'growler'[1] from the sound they made on London's cobbled streets.

Notes
  1. Haajanen 2003, p. 41.
  2. Haajanen 2003, pp. 24-25.
gollark: Because it became a political issue currently.
gollark: That still doesn't fix the data apparently being bad and open-submission.
gollark: And you shouldn't just go for the worst-case scenario (conveniently one making your preferred point best) when assuming things; you should find the most realistic one, and/or provide a range.
gollark: The US government has frequently been useless and incompetent at pandemic handling (halting the J&J vaccine and initially claiming masks didn't work are the two obvious things I can think of), but that doesn't mean that everything they say is wrong, or that belief in things that the government says is necessarily just because the government says it.
gollark: And apparently it's generally much more useful for seeing what might be an effect rather than collecting data on frequency of things.

References
  • Haajanen, Lennart W. (2003). Illustrated Dictionary of Automobile Body Styles. Illustrations by Bertil Nydén; foreword by Karl Ludvigsen. Jefferson, NC USA: McFarland. ISBN 0-7864-1276-3. LCCN 2002014546.
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