City of Miami (train)

The City of Miami was a seven-car coach streamliner inaugurated by Illinois Central Railroad on December 18, 1940. Its route was from Chicago to Miami a total distance of 1,493 miles (2,403 km).

This article is about the streamliner. For the city in Florida, see Miami.
City of Miami
Postcard depiction of the train, circa 1940s.
Overview
Service typeInter-city rail
StatusDiscontinued
LocaleMidwestern United States/Southeastern United States
First serviceDecember 18, 1940
Last serviceApril 30, 1971
Former operator(s)
Route
StartChicago, Illinois
Stops39
EndMiami, Florida
Distance travelled1,494 miles (2,404 km) (1941)
1,544 miles (2,485 km) (1971)
Average journey timeNorthbound: 31 hrs 00 min
Southbound: 32 hrs 25 min
Service frequencyEvery third day (1940–1957)
Every other day (1957–1971)
Train number(s)Northbound: 52
Southbound: 53
On-board services
Seating arrangementsReserved coach
Sleeping arrangementsRoomettes and double bedrooms
Catering facilitiesDiner-Counter-Lounge
Entertainment facilitiesClub-Lounge
Baggage facilitiesChecked
Technical
Rolling stockEMD E-unit locomotives
Streamlined passenger cars by Pullman Standard
Track gauge4 ft 8 1⁄2 in (1,435 mm)
Operating speed51.2 mph (82 km/h) average (1941)
45.6 mph (73 km/h) average (1971)

History

The City of Miami was one of three new all-coach streamliners which, together, provided daily service between Chicago and Florida. The other two streamliners were the South Wind and the Dixie Flagler, each of which followed a different route.[1]:109 As with the other routes it was managed by a consortium of train companies, as different engines switched as the coaches and sleepers traveled over different companies' tracks.

The City of Miami was powered by a single EMD E6A 2,000-horsepower (1,500 kW) diesel passenger cab unit. The entire train was painted in an Orange and Palm Green scheme with Scarlet stripes and lettering. Up to and including this new train the Illinois Central seemed to have difficulty deciding on a paint scheme for their streamlined trains. The Green Diamond, Illini, Miss Lou, and now the City of Miami were all painted in their own distinct paint schemes.

Illinois Central was the key player in the City's long run from 1940 to 1971. Immaculately maintained equipment and perfectly matched consists in IC's familiar "Autumn Sunset" chocolate, orange, and yellow were traditional hallmarks of the ever popular Florida streamliner. Indeed, the City was a beautiful sight racing through the countryside between Lake Michigan and Biscayne Bay. During the peak winter season long trains carried several lounges and diners in addition to a sleeper lounge and tavern lounge observation on the rear. Domes were added in 1959. Courier Nurses were replaced by Passenger Service Representatives in later years, but a high standard of service was maintained right up to May 1, 1971, when Amtrak took over and dropped the City of Miami and reinstated the South Wind on the Chicago-Florida route. That year, Amtrak initiated the Floridian on a route largely similar to that of the South Wind.

Route

The City of Miami ran from Chicago to Miami by way of Champaign, Centralia, Fulton, Jackson, Birmingham, Columbus, Waycross, and Jacksonville. Between Chicago and Birmingham the streamliner scorched IC rails. Leaving Birmingham the train traversed the Central of Georgia Railway to Albany, Georgia. From Albany to Jacksonville the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad (Seaboard Coast Line Railroad from July 1967) was used. The Florida East Coast Railroad operated the train from Jacksonville to Miami until the FEC strike of 1963. By 1955 the West Coast Champion[2] began hauling thru-cars for the City of Miami and South Wind[3] streamliners to and from Chicago on its Jacksonville-Tampa/Sarasota leg via Orlando and its Jacksonville-St. Petersburg section via Gainesville and Ocala.[4] After the 1963 FEC strike the City of Miami and all ACL Miami-bound trains were rerouted through Orlando via ACL to Auburndale where they crossed over to SAL (SCL) rails to reach West Palm Beach and Miami. The SCL continued a section through Gainesville to St. Petersburg and a Sarasota section through Tampa.[5] The St. Petersburg and Miami sections were split and joined at Jacksonville until Amtrak arrived on May 1, 1971.

The only engine change to occur on this route was at Jacksonville where the IC E6A 4000 was exchanged for the FEC E3A 1001 to Miami. The City of Miami was the only one of the three Chicago to Miami lightweight streamlined trains to operate with diesel power over the entire route from the beginning. The City of Miami route was 1,493 miles (2,403 km) and the train made 25 stops en route, only one of which, the Jacksonville stop, was for an engine change. In spite of the number of stops the diesel proved more than capable of maintaining a 50 mph (80 km/h) average. The City of Miami consist was the only one of the three Chicago – Miami lightweight streamlined trains to operate with cars built by Pullman Standard and the only one of the three trains to be diesel powered end terminal to end terminal.

Timetable
City Departure time
Chicago, Illinois (Central Station) (Illinois Central) (C.T.) 8:40 a.m.
Chicago, Illinois (53rd Street) 8:47 a.m.
Chicago, Illinois (63rd Street) 8:50 a.m.
Kankakee, Illinois 9:37 a.m.
Champaign–Urbana, Illinois 10:45 a.m.
Mattoon, Illinois 11:22 a.m.
Effingham, Illinois 11:47 a.m.
Centralia, Illinois 12:45 p.m.
Carbondale, Illinois 1:35 p.m.
North Cairo, Illinois 2:45 p.m.
Fulton, Kentucky 3:38 p.m.
Jackson, Tennessee 4:55 p.m.
Corinth, Mississippi 6:03 p.m.
Haleyville, Alabama 7:28 p.m.
Jasper, Alabama 8:50 p.m.
Birmingham, Alabama (Central of Georgia) 10:17 p.m.
Sylacauga, Alabama 11:39 p.m.
Opelika, Alabama 1:06 a.m.
Columbus, Georgia 1:43 a.m.
Albany, Georgia (Atlantic Coast Line) 3:40 a.m.
Waycross, Georgia (E.T.) 7:00 a.m.
Jacksonville, Florida (Florida East Coast) 8:30 a.m.
St. Augustine, Florida 9:15 a.m.
Bunnell, Florida 9:38 a.m.
Daytona Beach, Florida 10:02 a.m.
New Smyrna Beach, Florida 10:25 a.m.
Titusville, Florida 10:54 a.m.
Cocoa-Rockledge, Florida 11:11 a.m.
Melbourne, Florida 11:30 a.m.
Vero Beach, Florida 12:02 p.m.
Fort Pierce, Florida 12:21 p.m.
Stuart, Florida 12:41 p.m.
Hobe Sound, Florida 12:54 p.m.
West Palm Beach, Florida 1:21 p.m.
Lake Worth, Florida 1:33 p.m.
Delray Beach, Florida 1:45 p.m.
Boca Raton, Florida 1:54 p.m.
Pompano, Florida 2:01 p.m.
Fort Lauderdale, Florida 2:12 p.m.
Hollywood, Florida 2:24 p.m.
Miami, Florida 2:50 p.m.
Source: Official Guide of the Railways, June 1941[6]

Equipment
The Bamboo Grove lounge-observation car.

At the outset a single Illinois Central EMD E6 pulled the train for the entire route. Pullman built the initial equipment set of the City of Miami; Budd manufactured the other two sets. The original seven-car set included the following:[1]:110

  • Bougainvillea baggage-dormitory
  • Camellia coach with nurse's station
  • Japonica coach
  • Hibiscus coach
  • Poinsettia coach
  • Palm Garden dining car
  • Bamboo Grove tavern-lounge observation car

Beginning April 23, 1949 the City of Miami added sleeping cars to its consist. These cars were carried forward of the coaches in the City of Miami consist maintaining quick access for coach passengers to the tavern-observation-lounge car on the rear. By 1958 the "colored" coach had been removed from the consist.

Notes
  1. Schafer, Mike; Welsh, Joe (2002). Streamliners: History of a Railroad Icon. Saint Paul, MN: MBI. ISBN 0-7603-1371-7. OCLC 51069308.
  2. "Famous Streamliners to the Palms". Florida Rails Online Museum.
  3. "Jacksonville's Champions". Jacksonville Terminal Railroad Museum Inc.
  4. Atlantic Coast Line timetable, June 12, 1955, Tables B and H
  5. Seaboard Coast Line 1967 Timetable, Table 14
  6. Official Guide of the Railways. New York City: National Railway Publication Company. June 1941.
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References
  • Anon. Passenger Time Table, effective April 30, 1961. Illinois Central Railroad.
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