Chuukic–Pohnpeic languages
The Chuukic–Pohnpeic or historically Trukic-Ponapeic languages are a family of Micronesian languages consisting of two dialect continua, Chuukic and Pohnpeic. They are the westernmost and historically most recent[2] Micronesian languages.[3]
| Chuukic–Pohnpeic | |
|---|---|
| Trukic–Pohnpeic | |
| Geographic distribution | Micronesia |
| Linguistic classification | Austronesian
|
| Subdivisions | |
| Glottolog | pona1247[1] |
Composition
- Pohnpeic (Pohnpeic)
- Chuukic (Chuukic)
Unique innovations
Chuukic-Pohnpeic has several unique innovations that separates it as a subgroup from the rest of Nuclear Micronesian. Among the most prominent are historical sound changes from Proto Micronesian.
Historical sound changes
Chuukic-Pohnpeic languages share a number of historical sounds changes from Proto Oceanic and Proto Micronesian. Chuukic languages and Pohnpeic languages separately share later innovations.
| Proto Oceanic | *mp | *mp,ŋp | *p | *m | *m,ŋm | *k | *ŋk | *ŋ | *y | *w | *t | *s,nj | *ns,j | *j | *nt,nd | *d,R | *l | *n | *ɲ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Proto Micronesian | *p | *pʷ | *f | *m | *mʷ | *k | *x | *ŋ | *y | *w | *t | *T | *s | *S | *Z | *c | *r | *l | *n | *ɲ |
| Proto Chuukic-Pohnpeic | *p | *pʷ | *f | *m | *mʷ | *k | *∅,r1 | *ŋ | *y | *w | *t | *j | *t | *t | ∅ | *c | *r | *l | *n | *ɲ |
1 Before /a/.
Reconstructed vocabulary
| Proto Chuukic-Pohnpeic | English Gloss | Modern Language Reflexes |
|---|---|---|
| *awa | mouth | CAR aaw, PON aaw |
| *faa | brave, strong | CHK fa 'be brave, bold', MOK pa 'be talented' |
| *fawo-ni-pei | name of Pohnpei Island | WOL fóólopei, PON Pohnpei |
| *kurupʷu | small young coconut | CHK kurupʷ, PON kurupʷ 'immature coconut' |
| *pirafa | to steal | MRT púraf, PNG pirap |
| *waiya | journey, be foreign | CAR weey 'to travel', PON way 'be foreign, from abroad' |
| *woro- | throat, neck | CHK woro-mi 'to swallow', PON wɛrɛ 'his/her neck' |
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References
- Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Chuukic–Ponapeic". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- Blust, Robert (2013). The Austronesian Languages. Canberra, Australia: Asia Pacific Linguistics. hdl:1885/10191. ISBN 9781922185075.
- Lynch, John; Malcolm Ross; Terry Crowley (2002). The Oceanic languages. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon. ISBN 978-0-7007-1128-4. OCLC 48929366.
- Bender, Byron W. (2003). "Proto-Micronesian Reconstructions: 1". Oceanic Linguistics. 42 (1): 4, 5. doi:10.2307/3623449. JSTOR 3623449.
- Bender, Byron W. (2003). "Proto-Micronesian Reconstructions: 2". Oceanic Linguistics. 42 (2): 271–281. doi:10.1353/ol.2003.0014.
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