Chrysophyllum

Chrysophyllum is a group of trees in the Sapotaceae described as a genus by Linnaeus in 1753.[2][3]

Chrysophyllum
Chrysophyllum oliviforme
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Ericales
Family: Sapotaceae
Subfamily: Chrysophylloideae
Genus: Chrysophyllum
L.[1]
Synonyms[1]
  • Achrouteria Eyma
  • Austrogambeya Aubrév. & Pellegr.
  • Cainito Adans.
  • Chloroluma Baill.
  • Cornuella Pierre
  • Cynodendron Baehni
  • Dactimala Raf.
  • Donella Pierre ex Baill.
  • Fibocentrum Pierre ex Glaz., nom. inval.
  • Gambeya Pierre
  • Gambeyobotrys Aubrév.
  • Guersentia Raf.
  • Martiusella Pierre
  • Nycterisition Ruiz & Pav.
  • Nycteristion Ruiz & Pav.
  • Prieurella Pierre
  • Ragala Pierre
  • Villocuspis (A.DC.) Aubrév. & Pellegr.

The genus is native to tropical regions throughout the world, with the greatest number of species in northern South America. One species, C. oliviforme, extends north to southern Florida.[4]

Chrysophyllum members are usually tropical trees, often growing rapidly to 10–20 m or more in height. The leaves are oval, 3–15 cm long, green above, densely golden pubescent below, from which the genus is named.[5] The flowers are small (3–8 mm), purplish white and have a sweet fragrant smell; they are clustered several together, and are hermaphroditic (self fertile). The fruit is edible; round, usually purple skinned (sometimes greenish-white), often green around the calyx, with a star pattern in the pulp; the flattened seeds are light brown and hard. The fruit skin is chewy like gum, and contrary to some reports, is edible. [6][7]

Species[4]
  1. Chrysophyllum acreanum - Brazil (Acre, Amazonas)
  2. Chrysophyllum africanum - W + C Africa
  3. Chrysophyllum akusae - Ivory Coast
  4. Chrysophyllum albidum - W + C Africa
  5. Chrysophyllum albipilum - Peru (San Martín)
  6. Chrysophyllum amazonicum - Amazon Basin
  7. Chrysophyllum ambrense - Madagascar
  8. Chrysophyllum analalavense - Madagascar
  9. Chrysophyllum arenarium - E Brazil
  10. Chrysophyllum argenteum - West Indies, Central America, N South America
  11. Chrysophyllum asraoi - Maharashtra
  12. Chrysophyllum aulacocarpum - Miranda
  13. Chrysophyllum azaguieanum - Ivory Coast, Ghana, Liberia
  14. Chrysophyllum bangweolense - Zaire, Tanzania, Angola, Zambia
  15. Chrysophyllum beguei - W + C Africa
  16. Chrysophyllum boivinianum - Madagascar
  17. Chrysophyllum bombycinum - Loreto, Amazonas
  18. Chrysophyllum boukokoense - C Africa
  19. Chrysophyllum brenesii - Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama
  20. Chrysophyllum cainito - Belize, Jamaica, Cayman Is
  21. Chrysophyllum calophyllum - Príncipe
  22. Chrysophyllum capuronii - Madagascar
  23. Chrysophyllum colombianum - Central America, NW South America
  24. Chrysophyllum contumacense - Peru
  25. Chrysophyllum cuneifolium - N South America
  26. Chrysophyllum delphinense - Toliara
  27. Chrysophyllum durifructum - Amazonas
  28. Chrysophyllum euryphyllum - Colombia
  29. Chrysophyllum eximium - Suriname, N. Brazil
  30. Chrysophyllum fenerivense - Madagascar
  31. Chrysophyllum flexuosum - Brazil
  32. Chrysophyllum giganteum - W + C Africa
  33. Chrysophyllum gonocarpum - Brazil, Bolivia, Uruguay, Paraguay, N Argentina
  34. Chrysophyllum gorungosanum - trop Africa
  35. Chrysophyllum guerelianum - Madagascar
  36. Chrysophyllum hirsutum - Panama, Costa Rica
  37. Chrysophyllum imperiale - E Brazil
  38. Chrysophyllum inornatum - S Brazil
  39. Chrysophyllum januariense - Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro
  40. Chrysophyllum lacourtianum - C Africa
  41. Chrysophyllum lanatum - Colombia
  42. Chrysophyllum longifolium - Zaïre
  43. Chrysophyllum lucentifolium - Panama, Costa Rica, South America
  44. Chrysophyllum lungi - Zaïre, Congo Republic
  45. Chrysophyllum manabiense - Ecuador
  46. Chrysophyllum manaosense - N South America
  47. Chrysophyllum marginatum - South America
  48. Chrysophyllum masoalense - Madagascar
  49. Chrysophyllum mexicanum - Mexico, Central America
  50. Chrysophyllum muerense - Zaïre, Uganda, South Sudan
  51. Chrysophyllum novoguineense - New Guinea
  52. Chrysophyllum ogowense - Gabon
  53. Chrysophyllum oliviforme - Florida, West Indies
  54. Chrysophyllum ovale - Peru, Bolivia, Acre
  55. Chrysophyllum papuanicum - Papua New Guinea
  56. Chrysophyllum paranaense - São Paulo, Paraná
  57. Chrysophyllum parvulum - Colombia, Venezuela
  58. Chrysophyllum pauciflorum - Puerto Rico to Virgin Islands
  59. Chrysophyllum perpulchrum - W + C Africa
  60. Chrysophyllum perrieri - Madagascar
  61. Chrysophyllum pomiferum - trop South America
  62. Chrysophyllum prieurii - Panama, trop South America
  63. Chrysophyllum pruniforme - Nigeria, Bioko
  64. Chrysophyllum reitzianum Santa Catarina
  65. Chrysophyllum revolutum - Peru
  66. Chrysophyllum roxburghii - SE Asia, New Guinea, Australia, S China, India, Madagascar
  67. Chrysophyllum rufum - E Brazil
  68. Chrysophyllum sanguinolentum - trop South America
  69. Chrysophyllum sapini - Zaïre
  70. Chrysophyllum scalare - Peru, Venezuela
  71. Chrysophyllum sparsiflorum - Venezuela, Guyana, Brazil, Bolivia
  72. Chrysophyllum splendens - E Brazil
  73. Chrysophyllum striatum - Panama
  74. Chrysophyllum subnudum - trop Africa
  75. Chrysophyllum subspinosum - Bahia
  76. Chrysophyllum superbum - Amazonas
  77. Chrysophyllum taiense - Ivory Coast
  78. Chrysophyllum tessmannii - Equatorial Guinea
  79. Chrysophyllum ubangiense - W + C Africa
  80. Chrysophyllum ucuquirana-branca - S Venezuela, N Brazil
  81. Chrysophyllum venezuelanense - trop South America, Central America, Mexico
  82. Chrysophyllum viride - Brazil
  83. Chrysophyllum viridifolium - E + SE Africa
  84. Chrysophyllum welwitschii - trop Africa
  85. Chrysophyllum wilsonii - Amazonas
  86. Chrysophyllum zimmermannii - Tanzania
Formerly included[4]
  • Englerophytum magalismontanum (Sond.) T.D.Penn. (as C. magalismontanum Sond.)
  • Jacquinia arborea Vahl (as C. barbasco Loefl.)
  • Micropholis rugosa (Sw.) Pierre (as C. rugosum Sw.)
  • Palaquium philippense (Perr.) C.B.Rob. (as C. philippense Perr.)
  • Pouteria alnifolia (Baker) Roberty (as C. alnifolium Baker)
  • Pouteria gardneri (Mart. & Miq.) Baehni (as C. gardneri Mart. & Miq.)
  • Pouteria macrophylla (Lam.) Eyma (as C. macrophyllum Lam.)
  • Pouteria reticulata (Engl.) Eyma (as C. reticulatum Engl.)
  • Pradosia brevipes (Pierre) T.D.Penn. (as C. soboliferum Rizzini)
  • Pradosia lactescens (Vell.) Radlk. (as C. burahem Riedel)

References
  1. "Genus: Chrysophyllum L." Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2009-03-31. Archived from the original on 2009-01-14. Retrieved 2010-12-09.
  2. Linnaeus, Carl von. 1753. Species Plantarum 1: 192 in Latin
  3. Tropicos, Chrysophyllum L.
  4. Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  5. The generic name is derived from the Greek words χρυσός (chrysos), meaning "gold," and φυλλον (phyllos), meaning "leaf." See Quattrocchi, Umberto (2000). CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names. I A-C. CRC Press. p. 534. ISBN 978-0-8493-2675-2.
  6. Flora of North America Vol. 8 Page 245 Cainito Chrysophyllum Linnaeus
  7. Flora of China, Vol. 15 Page 208 金叶树属 jin ye shu shu Chrysophyllum Linnaeus
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.