Chronicle of Moses

The Chronicle of Moses (Hebrew: דברי הימים של משה) is one of the smaller midrashim. In this midrash, which is written in pure (pseudo-biblical) Hebrew, and which is in many portions only provides a mere hint of verses from the Bible in a close imitation of Biblical style, is presented a history of the life of Moses embellished with many legends.

Contents

These legends must be very old, since the same or similar stories are found as early as Josephus;[1] specifically, the stories of the wise men's prophecy to the king of a birth of a child who some day will destroy the power of the Egyptians (in the midrash the interpretation of a dream replaces the prophecy; compare also Targ. Yer. 1 to Exodus 1:15), upon which prophecy followed the command of the king to cast the male children of the Israelites into the river; the crown which the king places upon Moses' head, and which the latter casts to the earth (in the midrash Moses is described as taking the crown from the king's head); Moses as leader of the Israelites in a war against the Ethiopians, his use of the ibis in combating the snakes that have made his way dangerous, and the love of the king's daughter for him (according to the midrash Moses enters the camp of the Ethiopian king קיקנוס, upon whose death he marries the latter's widow, and, overcoming the dangers due to the snakes, captures the long-besieged city).[2]

Authorship and publication

According to A. Jellinek,[3] the life of Moses was originally treated in detail in a chronicle which employed sources still older. This work was incorporated in the well-known collection of legends entitled Sefer ha-Yashar; and from this the Yalkut Shimoni took extracts which agree with the Sefer ha-Yashar and not with the present Chronicle of Moses. At a later time, however, a shorter recension of the older chronicle was made, which is the one now existing. According to Strack & Stemberger (1991), the work probably dates to the 10th or 11th century.

It was published at Constantinople in 1516, at Venice in 1564, and elsewhere, and was reprinted by Jellinek.[4] Extracts were made from the chronicle by the author of Midrash Wayosha; and it was one of the sources of Shemot Rabbah; it was likewise cited in the Arukh, by Ibn Ezra (who rejects it as apocryphal),[5] and by Samuel ben Meir on Book of Numbers.[2]

References

1. Antiquities ii. 9, §§ 2 et seq.
2. Singer, Isidore; et al., eds. (1901–1906). Smaller Midrashim". The Jewish Encyclopedia. New York: Funk & Wagnalls..
3. Jellinek, B. H. ii., p. 8
4. Jellinek, B. H. ii. 1-13
5. Ibn Ezra's commentary on Exodus 2:22

•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Singer, Isidore; et al., eds. (1901–1906). "Smaller Midrashim". The Jewish Encyclopedia. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.. The JE cites the following works.
  • Zunz, G. V. p. 145;
  • Rab Pe'alim, p. 45;
  • A. Jellinek, B. H. ii., pp. vii. et seq.
• Strack, H.L.; Stemberger, G. (1991), Introduction to the Talmud and Midrash, Edinburgh: T&T Clark, ISBN 978-0-8006-2524-5.