Chisum

Chisum is a 1970 American Western film by Warner Bros. Technicolor starring John Wayne in Panavision.

Chisum
Directed byAndrew V. McLaglen
Produced byAndrew J. Fenady
Written byAndrew J. Fenady
StarringJohn Wayne
Forrest Tucker
Ben Johnson
Geoffrey Deuel
Narrated byWilliam Conrad
Music byDominic Frontiere
CinematographyWilliam H. Clothier
Edited byRobert L. Simpson
Production
company
Distributed byWarner Bros.
Release date
  • July 29, 1970 (1970-07-29)
Running time
111 min.
CountryUnited States
LanguageEnglish
Budget$4 million[1]
Box office$6,000,000 (rentals)[2][3]

The large cast also includes Forrest Tucker, Christopher George, Ben Johnson, Glenn Corbett, Geoffrey Deuel, Andrew Prine, Bruce Cabot, Patric Knowles, and Richard Jaeckel.

Directed by Andrew V. McLaglen, it was adapted for the screen by Andrew J. Fenady from his short story Chisum and the Lincoln County Cattle War.

Although this movie is historically inaccurate in many details, it is loosely based on events and characters from the Lincoln County War of 1878 in the New Mexico Territory, which involved historical figures John Chisum (1824–1884), Pat Garrett (1850–1908), and Billy the Kid (1859–1881) among others.

Plot

John Chisum, a virtuous, patriarchal land baron, locks horns with greedy Lawrence Murphy, who will stop at nothing to get control of the trade and even the law in Lincoln County, New Mexico Territory.

Chisum is an aging rancher with an eventful past and a paternalistic nature towards his companions and community. Murphy, a malevolent land developer, plans to take control of the county for his own personal gain.

The story begins with Murphy's men tipping off Mexican rustlers who plan to steal Chisum's horses. Chisum and his sidekick James Pepper stop the bandits with help from a newcomer to the area, William H. Bonney, also known as "Billy the Kid". A notorious killer, Billy has been given a chance to reform by Chisum's philanthropic British neighbor, rancher Henry Tunstall. Billy also falls for Chisum's newly arrived niece, Sallie.

Murphy is buying up all the stores in town and using his monopoly to push up the prices. He appoints his own county sheriff and deputies. He also brings in a lawyer, Alexander McSween, whose principles lead him to switch sides and seek work with Chisum and Tunstall. The two ranchers set up their own bank and general store in town under McSween's control.

Chisum's land and cattle remain targets. Murphy's men attempt to steal Chisum's cattle before he can sell them to the United States Army. Chisum's ranch hands are warned by Pat Garrett, a passing buffalo hunter. Garrett agrees to help Chisum and soon befriends Bonney. Together they foil an attack by Murphy's men on the wagons bringing in provisions for the new store.

Fed up with Murphy's underhanded activities, rancher Henry Tunstall rides off to Santa Fe to seek the intervention of Territorial Gov. Sam Axtell. On the way, he is intercepted by Murphy's deputies, who falsely accuse him of cattle rustling and shoot him dead. Chisum and Garrett hunt down the deputies and bring them back to town for trial. Bonney, seeking revenge for the murder of his mentor and skeptical that the men will truly face justice in town, overpowers Garrett by surprise and shoots dead both deputies. Before corrupt Sheriff Brady can organize a posse, Billy rides into town and kills him, too.

Murphy appoints bounty hunter Dan Nodeen as the new sheriff, giving him orders to hunt down Bonney. Nodeen has a score to settle, as a previous encounter with Bonney has left him with a permanent limp.

Billy's plans for revenge are only just beginning. He breaks into McSween's store looking for dynamite to rob Murphy's bank. He is spotted by Nodeen, who surrounds the store with Murphys's men. McSween's wife is allowed to leave. McSween later comes out unarmed but Nodeen shoots him in cold blood.

Chisum is alerted by McSween's wife Sue, and rides into town with his ranch hands. The main street is blocked, so Chisum stampedes his cattle through the barricades. He tracks down Murphy and takes him on in a fist fight which ends with both men falling from a balcony. Murphy ends up impaled on steer horns. With his paymaster dead, Nodeen flees, with Billy in pursuit.

The film ends with Garrett taking over as sheriff. It is learned that famous U.S. Army General Lew Wallace has become governor of the territory. With law and order restored, Chisum can resume his iconic vigil over the Pecos valley.

Cast

Production

The film was based on a screenplay by Andrew J. Fenady called Chisum and the Lincoln County Cattle War.[4][5] It was originally set up at 20th Century Fox but moved to Warner Bros.-7 Arts in August 1969 as Wayne wanted to make the film that year but Fox's production schedule would not allow.[4][5][6] Michael A. Wayne, executive producer, took on the project of making Chisum because he felt the story summed up well his father's political views. The sizeable cast is packed with familiar faces from earlier John Wayne films, including several from Sands of Iwo Jima including Wayne, John Agar, Forrest Tucker and Richard Jaeckel. It was Wayne's 200th starring role in feature films.[5]

It was filmed in 1969 in Durango, Mexico.[7][8] The picturesque vistas of the area were captured by cinematographer William H. Clothier.

John Wayne was on the set of Chisum when he heard of his nomination for an Academy Award in 1970 for True Grit.

During filming, John Mitchum, brother of Robert, introduced John Wayne to his patriotic poetry. Seeing that Wayne was greatly moved by those words, Forrest Tucker suggested that the two collaborate to record some of the poetry, which resulted in a Grammy-nominated spoken-word album, America: Why I Love Her.

The song "The Ballad of John Chisum" was narrated by William Conrad, the song "Turn Me Around" was sung by Merle Haggard.

Box office and reception

Released in June 1970, the film grossed $6 million at the box office.[3]

U.S. President Richard Nixon commented on the film during a press conference in Denver, Colorado, on August 3, 1970. In doing so, he used the film as a context to explain his views on law and order:[9]

Over the last weekend I saw a movie–I don't see too many movies but I try to see them on weekends when I am at the Western White House or in Florida–and the movie that I selected, or, as a matter of fact, my daughter Tricia selected it, was "Chisum" with John Wayne. It was a western. And as I looked at that movie, I said, "Well, it was a very good western, John Wayne is a very fine actor and it was: a fine supporting cast. But it was just basically another western, far better than average movies, better than average westerns."

I wondered why it is that the western survives year after year after year. A good western will outdraw some of the other subjects. Perhaps one of the reasons, in addition to the excitement, the gun play, and the rest, which perhaps is part of it but they can get that in other kinds of movies but one of the reasons is, perhaps, and this may be a square observation–is that the good guys come out ahead in the westerns; the bad guys lose.

In the end, as this movie particularly pointed out, even in the old West, the time before New Mexico was a State, there was a time when there was no law. But the law eventually came, and the law was important from the standpoint of not only prosecuting the guilty, but also seeing that those who were guilty had a proper trial.

Andrew McLaglen called the film one of his favorites. "I wanted Billy the Kid to just be Billy the Kid, a human being, not a bad little boy. Fenady was sort of a scholar about the Lincoln County Cattle War, which was a conflict over water and cattle—trading cattle—and John Chisum actually became a very powerful landowner. It was an American story."[10]

Home media

Warner Home Video released Chisum on Blu-ray on June 7, 2016.

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See also

References
  1. Warga, Wayne. (May 10, 1970). "Galley a Philosopher-Realist: Warners' Philosopher-Realist Warners' Philosopher and Realist". Los Angeles Times. p. c1.
  2. ""Big Rental Films of 1970". Variety. January 6, 1971. p. 11.
  3. "Chisum, Box Office Information". The Numbers. Retrieved May 26, 2012.
  4. "John Wayne's 'Chisum' Goes From Fox to W7". Variety. August 20, 1969. p. 6.
  5. Chisum at the American Film Institute Catalog
  6. http://www.sensesofcinema.com/2009/50/andrew-v-mclaglen-interview/
  7. "John Wayne Finds Home in Durango". Los Angeles Times. Oct 29, 1969. p. g13.
  8. "DUKE". Los Angeles Times. 25 Jan 1970. p. n6.
  9. Richard M. Nixon (3 August 1970). "Remarks to Newsmen in Denver, Colorado". University of California, Santa Barbara: The American Presidency Project. Retrieved 28 December 2009.
  10. https://www.boxofficemojo.com/features/?id=2317
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