Charnwood Forest

Charnwood Forest is an upland tract in north-western Leicestershire, England, bounded by Leicester, Loughborough and Coalville. The area is undulating, rocky and picturesque, with barren areas. It also has some extensive tracts of woodland; its elevation is generally 600 feet (180 m) and upwards, the area exceeding this height being about 6,100 acres (25 km²). The highest point, Bardon Hill, is 912 feet (278 m). On its western flank lies an abandoned coalfield, with Coalville and other former mining villages, now being regenerated and replanted as part of the National Forest. The M1 motorway, between junctions 22 and 23, cuts through Charnwood Forest.

The summit of Beacon Hill

Bluebells in Swithland Wood

Charnwood Forest, as defined by Natural England

Old John, Bradgate Park

The hard stone of Charnwood Forest has been quarried for centuries,[1] and was a source of whetstones and quern-stones. The granite quarries at Bardon Hill, Buddon Hill and Whitwick supply crushed aggregate to a wide area of southern Britain.

The forest is an important recreational area with woodland walks, noted for their displays of bluebells in the early spring, rock climbing and hillwalking. Popular places with public access include Bardon Hill, Beacon Hill, Bradgate Park, Swithland Wood and the Outwoods and Stoneywell Cottage (National Trust).

Extent

The area of hills and open land known as Charnwood Forest has no jurisdictional boundary. (The Borough of Charnwood covers roughly two thirds of Charnwood Forest, and the eastern half of the borough is not part of the forest.) Furthermore, despite its name, Charnwood was never a royal forest, and was never subject to forest law.[2] So although it is an ancient and well-established locality,[3] it has only recently been officially defined, by the Natural England National Character Area (NCA) process,[4][5] which takes a somewhat wider definition than many previous attempts to define the area.[6][7]

Geology

Many of the craggy rocks of Charnwood Forest are of volcanic origin and are very old, dating back through 600 million years to Precambrian times.[8] It was the site of the first-ever recorded discovery of Charnia masoni, the earliest-known large, complex fossilised species on record. It was discovered in 1957 by a local schoolboy named Roger Mason (thus masoni) who, with friends, was exploring a quarry near the Charnwood village of Woodhouse Eaves. The rocks of Charnwood Forest remain the only place in Western Europe where these Precambrian fossils have been found.[9]

Along the western edge of Charnwood Forest the rocks are mainly Precambrian igneous diorites. These formed from molten lava deep within the sedimentary rocks, cooling slowly to produce hard, blocky rock with large crystals. This is extensively quarried for roadstone around Groby, Markfield and Whitwick, and is known as granite (formerly also called Markfieldite).[10]

The central area of the forest has older rocks still. These are sedimentary and are very variable in character, They were formed by material from volcanoes, settling in deep water, and it is in these beds that the fossils are found. Uplifting, tilting and erosion have produced the distinctive jagged exposures found across the highest parts of Charnwood.[11] On the eastern side, a much more recent series of rocks are found. Again igneous diorites, that formed deep underground, but these are Ordovician, from a mere 450 million years ago.[12] These are extensively quarried in the areas near Mountsorrel.

History

The earliest form of the name Charnwood is probably derived from cerne woda, from the Celtic carn, meaning cairn, and the Old English wudu, meaning wood. Some sources give cwern as the derivation, meaning a tool used to grind grain and other materials by hand. The area was a source of stone for these tools, called quern-stones.[13]

Archeological evidence has shown that the area was inhabited as far back as the Neolithic period, approximately 4,000–2,000 BC. Beacon Hill is the site of a Bronze Age hill fort, dating from between 600 BC and 43 AD. This forms one of the last surviving visible features in the landscape known to the Coritani, the tribe who occupied most of the East Midlands area at the time of the Roman Conquest.

According to Domesday Book, there was only one settlement in Charnwood Forest in 1086, at Charley whose name would appear to come from the same root, with the suffix -ley denoting open land, rather than forest.

In the 200 years after the Norman conquest, newly created settlements took major areas of land out of the forest for use in agriculture. Quorn was established between 1086 and 1153, and all the land up to Woodhouse had been deforested by 1228.

There were comparatively few major changes in land use in the post Medieval period, until the demand for timber and charcoal for the early Industrial Revolution contributed to a further loss of woodland. By the end of the 18th century, most of the woodland had disappeared leaving large areas of moorland and pasture.

In literature

The area was the inspiration for "Charnwood Poems", a collection of poems by the author, playwright and poet Albert Francis Cross (1863–1940). It is also the setting for the speculative fiction novel "Some Kind of Fairy Tale" by Graham Joyce (2012), in which it is depicted as a possible portal to the realm of fairies.

Wildlife and geological sites

Map showing sites in Charnwood Forest notable for wildlife and geology

Charnwood Forest covers approx 67 sq mi (170 km²) of Leicestershire, split over three local government districts: Charnwood Borough, North West Leicestershire District and Hinckley and Bosworth District. It includes a national nature reserve (NNR), 19 SSSIs (Some subdivided in the list of sites below), 4 Geological Conservation Review (GCR) sites of international geological importance plus a further 6 GCR sites, 13 regionally important geological sites (RIGS), five local nature reserves (LNRs), seven Leicestershire and Rutland Wildlife Trust (LRWT) nature reserves, and one Woodland Trust woodland. Seventeen sites have open access to the public. Footpaths and bridleways give views and limited access to the other sites listed, and to the rest of the Charnwood Forest landscape. Over half of Charnwood Forest is included within the English National Forest. It is also crossed by two waymarked long distance walking routes—the Leicestershire Round and the Ivanhoe Way.[14] The 45 sites listed here include sites with statutory wildlife or geological designations, plus other sites included in published lists of notable sites. On both the map and table, green denotes a site open to the public, amber denotes a site with limited access or restricted by permit or membership. Red denotes a site with no public access except by special arrangement with the owners.

Plants found within the woods include Digitalis purpurea, Dactylorhiza fuchsii, Sorbus torminalis and Vaccinium myrtilus.

Sites in Charnwood Forest notable for Wildlife and Geology

Map No.	Site Name	Status	Access	Location and map link	Area (ha)	Habitat	Ownership and details
1	Breedon Cloud Wood and Quarry	SSSI(B&G)[15] & RIGS[16]	Restricted	52.7886°N 1.3860°W / 52.7886; -1.3860 (Breedon Cloud Wood and Quarry SSSI)     SK415214	63	Ancient woodland and limestone quarry	Breedon Cloud Wood is owned by LRWT. Permit needed.[17] Cloud Hill Quarry is owned by Ennstone Breedon Ltd.
2	Shepshed Cutting	SSSI(G)[15]	Partial	52.7630°N 1.3168°W / 52.7630; -1.3168 (Shepshed Cutting SSSI)     SK462186	6.1	Old Quarry with Galena of a type unknown elsewhere in the world.[18]	The quarry is crossed by a disused railway cutting of the Charnwood Forest Railway which is now a path and cycleway and of the short-lived Charnwood Forest Canal.[19]
3	Morley Quarry, Shepshed	LNR,[20] GCR[21] & RIGS[22]	Open	52.7566°N 1.2961°W / 52.7566; -1.2961 (Morley Quarry)     SK476179	3	Disused quarry	Charnwood Borough Council. Car Park off Iveshead Road.[22] Cliff faces show the oldest of Charnwood's Precambrian rocks and the Triassic unconformity.[23]
4	Newhurst Quarry, Shepshed	SSSI(G),[15] GCR[24] & RIGS[16]	None	52.7565°N 1.2828°W / 52.7565; -1.2828 (Newhurst Quarry, Shepshed SSSI)     SK485179	9	Quarry currently being used for waste disposal	Landfill site managed by Biffa.[25] GCR listing for Mineralogy significance.[24]
5	Holywell Wood	Woodland[26]	Private	52.7599°N 1.2501°W / 52.7599; -1.2501 (Holywell Wood)     SK507183		Woodland	Private. Public footpath runs along its northern edge from Snells Nook Lane.
6	Longcliffe Quarry, Shepshed	RIGS[16]	None	52.7844°N 1.2726°W / 52.7844; -1.2726 (Longcliffe Quarry, Shepshed)     SK492170		Quarry site	Midland Quarry Products: working quarry.
7	Ives Head	GCR(I)[21] & RIGS[27]	Partial	52.7485°N 1.2933°W / 52.7485; -1.2933 (Ives Head)     SK478170		Old quarry and craggy hilltop	Privately owned disused quarry. A public bridleway passes 500 m south of the summit (201 m).
8	Blackbrook Reservoir	SSSI(B&G)[15] & GCR[21]	Partial	52.7532°N 1.3243°W / 52.7532; -1.3243 (Blackbrook Reservoir SSSI)     SK457175	38.6	Open water, wooded banks, wetlands	Severn Trent Water. Access to the viaduct and wooded slopes via One Barrow Lane.[28]
9	Grace Dieu And High Sharpley	SSSI (B&G)[15]	Partial	52.7489°N 1.3540°W / 52.7489; -1.3540 (Grace Dieu And High Sharpley SSSI)     SK437170	89	Heathland and Carbonifierous limestone outcrops	Private owners. Adjoins National Forest access land and Grace Dieu Priory site.
10	Cademan Wood	Woodland[26]	Partial	52.7489°N 1.3526°W / 52.7489; -1.3526 (Cademan Wood)     SK438170		Mixed woodland with rocky outcrops	De Lisle family. Public footpaths and informal open access.[29] Spectacular outcrops that formed very close to a Precambrian volcano.[23]
11	Snibston Country Park and Grange Nature Reserve	LNR[20]	Open	52.7238°N 1.3855°W / 52.7238; -1.3855 (Snibston Country Park)     SK416142	40	Woodland, meadow, marsh and ponds	Leicestershire County Council.[30]
12	Nature Alive! Coalville	LNR[20]	Open	52.7319°N 1.3780°W / 52.7319; -1.3780 (Nature Alive!)     SK421151	6	Regenerated scrub and wetland on former industrial land	North West Leicestershire District Council. Valuable site for dragonflies.[31]
13	Whitwick Quarry	RIGS[16]	None	52.7389°N 1.3379°W / 52.7389; -1.3379 (Whitwick Quarry)     SK448159		Quarry site	Midland Quarry Products
14	Mount St Bernard Abbey	Abbey[26]	Partial	52.7415°N 1.3245°W / 52.7415; -1.3245 (Mount St Bernard's Abbey)     SK457162		Cistercian Abbey	Visitors to the Abbey and grounds are made welcome.[32] The crags around The Knoll show steeply dipping Charnian tuffs.[33]
15	Charnwood Lodge	NNR, SSSI(B&G)[15] & GCR[21]	Restricted	52.7351°N 1.3113°W / 52.7351; -1.3113 (Charnwood Lodge SSSI)     SK466155	193.5	Acid and heath grasslands with some mixed woodland	LRWT, permit needed for parts.[34] Timberwood Hill and Warren Hills are accessible under the right to roam.[35]
16	Jubilee Wood, Woodhouse Lane	Public woodland	Open	52.7437°N 1.2460°W / 52.7437; -1.2460 (Jubilee Wood)     SK510165	10	Mixed woodland and rocky outcrops	Leicestershire County Council.[36]
17	Loughborough Outwoods, Woodhouse Lane	SSSI(B&G)[15] GCR (I)[21]	Open	52.7392°N 1.2387°W / 52.7392; -1.2387 (Outwoods, Leicestershire SSSI)     SK515160	44.6	Mixed woodland and rocky outcrops	Charnwood Borough Council. Free car park.[37]
18	Woodbrook and Deans Wood	Stream and woodland[26]	Partial	52.7375°N 1.2535°W / 52.7375; -1.2535 (Woodbrook and Deans Wood)     SK505158		Charnwood stream and woodland	Permissive path from Jubilee wood to Deans Lane.[38]
19	Charley Woods	Nature reserve	Open	52.7288°N 1.2966°W / 52.7288; -1.2966 (Charley Woods)     SK476148	28.8	Oak woodland	LRWT, open to the public.[39]
20	Bardon Hill Quarry	SSSI(G)[15] GCR[21] and RIGS[16]	None	52.7154°N 1.3220°W / 52.7154; -1.3220 (Bardon Hill Quarry SSSI)     SK459133	79	Quarry. Precambrian Igneous Rocks	Aggregate Industries.
21	Bardon Hill	SSSI(B)[15]	Partial	52.7145°N 1.3190°W / 52.7145; -1.3190 (Bardon Hill SSSI)     SK461132	13	High moorland, highest point in Leicestershire (278m)	Private land. Access to the summit, via public footpaths with expansive views.[40]
22	Beacon Hill, Woodhouse Eaves	SSSI(B&G)[15] GCR[21] & Ancient Monument	Open	52.7266°N 1.2418°W / 52.7266; -1.2418 (Beacon Hill, Leicestershire SSSI)     SK513146	135	Heathland, rocks, woodland hillfort	Leicestershire County Council.[41]
23	Broombriggs Farm and Windmill Hill	Farm Trail	Open	52.7247°N 1.2271°W / 52.7247; -1.2271 (Broombriggs Farm and Windmill Hill)]     SK523144	55	Farmland and heath	Leicestershire County Council. Pay car park.[42]
24	Buddon Brook	Stream[26]	Partial	52.7352°N 1.1780°W / 52.7352; -1.1780 (Buddon Brook)     SK556156		Stream habitat	Private farmland. A public footpath runs beside the stream.
25	Buddon Wood	SSSI(B&G)[15] and RIGS[16]	None	52.7316°N 1.1751°W / 52.7316; -1.1751 (Buddon Wood SSSI)     SK558152	89	Ancient Oak woodland, now mostly quarried away,	Private – including Lafarge Aggregates.[43]
26	Main Quarry, Mountsorrel	SSSI(G)[15] & GCR[44]	None	52.7278°N 1.1470°W / 52.7278; -1.1470 (Main Quarry, Mountsorrel SSSI)     SK577148	14	Quarry site	Lafarge Aggregates. Largest man-made hole in Europe. School visits are possible.[45]
27	Swithland Reservoir and Brazil Island	SSSI (B&G)[15] and RIGS	Partial	52.72260°N 1.1723°W / 52.72260; -1.1723 (Swithland Reservoir SSSI)     SK560142	98	Open water, wooded banks	Severn Trent Water. Limited road and footpath access. Excellent views from Great Central Railway, which crosses the reservoir via Brazil Island.
28	The Brand, Swithland	SSSI(B&G)[15] & GCR[21]	None	52.7147°N 1.2080°W / 52.7147; -1.2080 (The Brand, Swithland)     SK536133	18	Oak woodland, grassy heath and old slate quarries	Private (Martin family). Occasional open days.[27]
29	Roecliffe Manor Lawns	SSSI(B)[15]	None	52.7076°N 1.2155°W / 52.7076; -1.2155 (Roecliffe Manor Lawns SSSI)     SK531125	1.2	Species rich grassland with rare fungi	Private (Cottingham family).
30	Swithland Wood	SSSI(B&G)[15]	Open	52.7057°N 1.2022°W / 52.7057; -1.2022 (Swithland Wood SSSI)     SK540123	61	Ancient Woodland and disused slate quarries	Bradgate Park Trust. Pay car parks.
31	Benscliffe Wood	SSSI(B)[15]	None	52.7095°N 1.2406°W / 52.7095; -1.2406 (Benscliffe Wood SSSI)     SK514127	10	Mixed woodland	Private wood. Particularly rich in lichen species.
32	Ulverscroft Nature Reserve, Whitcroft's Lane	Nature reserve	Restricted	52.7071°N 1.2762°W / 52.7071; -1.2762 (Ulverscroft Nature Reserve)     SK490124	56	Mixed woodland, marshy grassland and meadow	NT, managed by LRWT (NT members need LRWT permit).[46]
33	Rocky Plantation, Nr Markfield	Nature reserve	Restricted	52.7016°N 1.2719°W / 52.7016; -1.2719 (Rocky Plantation)     SK493118	3.4	Mixed woodland and rocky outcrops	NT, managed by LRWT. Open to Wildlife Trust and National Trust members only.[47]
34	Lea Meadows, Ulverscroft Lane	SSSI[15]	Open	52.6988°N 1.2527°W / 52.6988; -1.2527 (Lea Meadows SSSI)     SK506115	12	Meadow	LRWT, open to the public.[48]
35	Billa Barra Hill	LNR[20] & RIGS[16]	Open	52.6974°N 1.3089°W / 52.6974; -1.3089 (Billa Barra Hill)     SK468113	20	Old quarry, grassland, mature and recent woodland.	Hinckley and Bosworth Borough Council. Open to the public. Car Park on Billa Barra Lane.[49]
36	New Cliffe Hill Quarry	RIGS[16]	None	52.6929°N 1.3164°W / 52.6929; -1.3164 (New Cliffe Hill Quarry)     SK463108	243	Quarry. Precambrian Rocks	Midland Quarry Products: working quarry (A tunnel links this to Cliffe Hill Quarry).[50]
37	Cliffe Hill Quarry	SSSI(G)[15] GCR (I)[21] and RIGS[16]	None	52.6901°N 1.2987°W / 52.6901; -1.2987 (Cliffe Hill Quarry SSSI)     SK475105	37	Quarry. Precambrian Rocks	Midland Quarry Products: working quarry.[51]
38	Altar Stones, Markfield	Nature reserve	Open	52.6918°N 1.2839°W / 52.6918; -1.2839 (Altar Stones, Markfield)     SK485107	3.7	Rough heath grassland with rock outcrops	LRWT, open to the public.[52]
39	Hill Hole Quarry, Markfield	Nature reserve and RIGS[16]	Open	52.6873°N 1.2825°W / 52.6873; -1.2825 (Hill Hole Quarry)     SK486102	5.4	Flooded quarry, rock faces and grassland	Hinckley and Bosworth Borough Council. Open to the public.[53] The old quarry faces show the youngest of the area's Precambrian rocks.[54]
40	Cropston Reservoir	SSSI(B&G)[15]	None	52.6939°N 1.1936°W / 52.6939; -1.1936 (Cropston Reservoir SSSI)     SK546110	55	Open water, wetlands	Severn Trent Water. No access but with good views from Bradgate Park.
41	Bradgate Park	SSSI(B&G)[15] GCR(I)[21]	Open	52.6917°N 1.2214°W / 52.6917; -1.2214 (Bradgate Park SSSI)     SK530110	340	Bracken heath, rocks, river, woodland, ancient oaks	Bradgate Park Trust. Pay car parks.
42	Sheet Hedges Wood, Newtown Linford	SSSI(B)[15]	Open	52.6735°N 1.2265°W / 52.6735; -1.2265 (Sheet Hedges Wood SSSI)     SK524087	30	Mixed woodland	Leicestershire County Council. Free car park near Groby Pool.[55]
43	Groby Pool	SSSI(B)[15]	Partial	52.6690°N 1.2280°W / 52.6690; -1.2280 (Groby Pool SSSI)     SK523082	28	Open water, wetlands	Amalgamated Roadstone Corp. One side has good roadside paths and access with a large nearby free car park.
44	Groby Quarry	RIGS[16]	None	52.6699°N 1.2251°W / 52.6699; -1.2251 (Groby Quarry)     SK525083		Working Quarry	Amalgamated Roadstone Corporation (ARC)
45	Martinshaw Wood	Public woodland[26]	Open	52.6601°N 1.2474°W / 52.6601; -1.2474 (Martinshaw Wood)     SK510072	102	Mixed woodland	Woodland Trust.[56]

Abbreviations used in the table: National nature reserve (NNR). Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) (B=Biological, G=Geological). Geological Conservation Review (GCR)(I=of International importance).[57] Regionally Important Geological Site (RIGS). Leicestershire and Rutland Wildlife Trust (LRWT). National Trust (NT). Local nature reserve (LNR).

See also

• Henry Walter Bates
• Thomas George Bonney
• Borough of Charnwood
• Quorn Hunt
• Charnia

Notes

 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Charnwood Forest". Encyclopædia Britannica. 5 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.

1. Ambrose 2007, p. 42. sfn error: no target: CITEREFAmbrose2007 (help)
2. Squires 1986, p. 10. sfn error: no target: CITEREFSquires1986 (help)
3. Squires 1986, p. 11. sfn error: no target: CITEREFSquires1986 (help)
4. Hirst 1997.
5. "Natural England Access to Evidence - National Character Areas" (PDF). Naturalengland.org.uk. Retrieved 29 August 2016.
6. Crocker 1981, p. 13. sfn error: no target: CITEREFCrocker1981 (help)
7. Webster 1997, p. 42.
8. Ambrose 2007, p. 2. sfn error: no target: CITEREFAmbrose2007 (help)
9. Carney 2010.
10. Ambrose 2007, p. 27. sfn error: no target: CITEREFAmbrose2007 (help)
11. Ambrose 2007, p. 14. sfn error: no target: CITEREFAmbrose2007 (help)
12. Ambrose 2007, p. 6. sfn error: no target: CITEREFAmbrose2007 (help)
13. "Charnwood History Overview". People Making Places 2000: A creative Map of Charnwood. Archived from the original on 14 February 2010. Retrieved 7 August 2010.
14. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 28 September 2011. Retrieved 2011-03-01.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
15. "Designated Sites View". English-nature.org.uk. Retrieved 29 August 2016.
16. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 20 August 2011. Retrieved 2011-03-01.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
17. "Cloud Wood - Leicestershire & Rutland Wildlife Trust". Lrwt.org.uk. Retrieved 29 August 2016.
18. "County: Leicestershire, Site name: Shepshed Cutting, District: Charnwood" (PDF). English-nature.org.uk. Retrieved 29 August 2016.
19. Ambrose 2007, p. 36. sfn error: no target: CITEREFAmbrose2007 (help)
20. "Natural England - Special Sites". English-nature.org.uk. 20 October 2013. Retrieved 29 August 2016.
21. Carney 2000, p. 16. sfn error: no target: CITEREFCarney2000 (help)
22. "Morley Quarry LNR" (PDF). Nationalforest.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2011. Retrieved 29 August 2016.
23. Ambrose 2007, p. 18. sfn error: no target: CITEREFAmbrose2007 (help)
24. Bevins 2010, p. 8. sfn error: no target: CITEREFBevins2010 (help)
25. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2 March 2011. Retrieved 2011-03-01.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
26. Webster 1997, p. 41.
27. Crocker, J and Daws, J, 1996 Spiders of Leicestershire, p.207
28. Ambrose 2007, p. 33. sfn error: no target: CITEREFAmbrose2007 (help)
29. "Grace Dieu and Cademan Woods". Leioc.org.uk. 27 June 2013. Archived from the original on 18 March 2012. Retrieved 29 August 2016.
30. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2 October 2010. Retrieved 2011-03-01.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
31. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 6 July 2008. Retrieved 2011-03-01.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
32. "Home". Mount Saint Bernard. 9 April 2016. Archived from the original on 14 May 2016. Retrieved 29 August 2016.
33. Ambrose 2007, p. 34. sfn error: no target: CITEREFAmbrose2007 (help)
34. "Charnwood Lodge - Leicestershire & Rutland Wildlife Trust". Lrwt.org.uk. Retrieved 29 August 2016.
35. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 3 October 2010. Retrieved 2011-03-01.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
36. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 15 December 2010. Retrieved 2011-03-01.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
37. "The Outwoods - Parks and open spaces - Charnwood Borough Council". Charnwood.gov.uk. 2 June 2016. Retrieved 29 August 2016.
38. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 28 September 2011. Retrieved 2011-03-01.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
39. "Charley Woods - Leicestershire & Rutland Wildlife Trust". Lrwt.org.uk. Retrieved 29 August 2016.
40. Ambrose 2007, p. 16. sfn error: no target: CITEREFAmbrose2007 (help)
41. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 6 June 2011. Retrieved 2011-03-01.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
42. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 11 January 2011. Retrieved 2011-03-01.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
43. "Mountsorrel Granite Quarry information and photos". Aditnow.co.uk. 2 November 2007. Retrieved 29 August 2016.
44. carney 2000, p. 16. sfn error: no target: CITEREFcarney2000 (help)
45. "Bulk & Packed Cement | Lafarge Cement" (PDF). Lafarge.co.uk. Retrieved 29 August 2016.
46. "Ulverscroft - Leicestershire & Rutland Wildlife Trust". Lrwt.org.uk. Retrieved 29 August 2016.
47. "Rocky Plantation - Leicestershire & Rutland Wildlife Trust". Lrwt.org.uk. Retrieved 29 August 2016.
48. "Lea Meadows - Leicestershire & Rutland Wildlife Trust". Lrwt.org.uk. Retrieved 29 August 2016.
49. "About Billa Barra Hill | Billa Barra Hill | Hinckley & Bosworth Borough Council". Hinckley-bosworth.gov.uk. 3 March 2016. Retrieved 29 August 2016.
50. "New Cliffe Hill Quarry, Stanton under Bardon, Leicestershire, England, UK". Mindat.org. Retrieved 29 August 2016.
51. "Grace Dieu Wood | Visit National Forest". Nationalforest.org. Retrieved 29 August 2016.
52. "Altar Stones - Leicestershire & Rutland Wildlife Trust". Lrwt.org.uk. Retrieved 29 August 2016.
53. "About Hill Hole Quarry | Hill Hole Quarry | Hinckley & Bosworth Borough Council". Hinckley-bosworth.gov.uk. 3 March 2016. Retrieved 29 August 2016.
54. Ambrose 2007, p. 35. sfn error: no target: CITEREFAmbrose2007 (help)
55. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 15 December 2010. Retrieved 2011-03-01.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
56. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 29 March 2012. Retrieved 2011-03-01.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
57. Carney 2000, p. 17. sfn error: no target: CITEREFCarney2000 (help)

References

• Ambrose, Keith; Carney, John; Lott, Graham; Weightman, Gill; McGrath, Annette (2007). Exploring the landscape of Charnwood Forest and Mountsorrel: a walkers' guide to the rocks and landscape of Charnwood Forest and Mountsorrel. Keyworth, Nottingham: British Geological Survey. ISBN 978-0-85272-570-2.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Carney, J. N.; Horak, J. M.; Pharaoh, T. C.; Gibbons, W.; Wilson, D.; Barclay, W. J.; Bevins, R. E.; Cope, J. C. W.; Ford, T. D. (2000). Precambrian Rocks of England and Wales (PDF). Geological Conservation Review Series, No.20. Peterborough: Joint Nature Conservation Committee.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Carney, J. N. (2010). Guide to the Geology of Bradgate Park and Swithland Wood, Charnwood Forest (PDF). Occasional Report, OR/10/041. British Geological Survey.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) (This report includes two high-quality geological maps)
• "Charnwood History Overview". People Making Places 2000: A creative Map of Charnwood. Archived from the original on 14 February 2010. Retrieved 7 August 2010.
• Crocker, John, ed. (1981). Charnwood Forest: a Changing Landscape. Loughborough Naturalists' Club. ISBN 0-905837-10-X.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Hirst, Alison (1997). Charnwood Forest: Natural area Profile (PDF).CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Squires, A. E.; Humphrey, W. (1986). The Medieval Parks of Charnwood Forest. Sycamore Press. ISBN 0-905837-15-0.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Squires, A. E. (1981). "History of the Charnwood Forest Landscape". In John Crocker (ed.). Charnwood Forest: a Changing Landscape. Loughborough Naturalists' Club. ISBN 0-905837-10-X.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Webster, Michael (1997). Birds of Charnwood. Kairos Press. ISBN 1-871344-12-3.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)

External links

• Charnwood forest geology.
• Beacon Hill Country Park