Xarnego

Xarnego (Catalan pronunciation: [ʃərˈnɛɣu] in Catalan or charnego in Spanish is a pejorative or descriptive term used primarily in the 1950s–70s in Catalonia (Spain) to refer to economic migrants from other typically poorer regions of Spain such as Andalusia or Extremadura.[1] In its modern usage, it refers to Catalans with recent heritage from other Spanish-speaking parts of Spain. The word is used solely in the context of internal migration.

As of 1999 it was estimated that over 60% of Catalans descended from 20th century migrations from other parts of Spain.[2] and over 1.1 million Catalans are of Andalusian origin alone.[3]

Historical context

Between 1950 and 1975 a second wave of a million and half immigrants arrived from other less developed parts of Spain, particularly Andalusia and Extremadura, where hunger and economic hardship was prevalent. These new immigrants represented 44% of the total growth of the Catalan population during this period.[4] This immigration resulted from the high demand for cheap labour resulting from the new economic policy of "desarrollismo" of Francoist Spain, which involved huge investments in sectors such as transport and infrastructure primarily aiming to stimulate the tourism, heavy industry and new industries such as the car industry with the creation of the SEAT car company and the building of its factory in the free-zone of Barcelona in 1953. Such industries, the availability of jobs and higher salaries in the Barcelona region would stimulate two decades of immigration from rural areas throughout Spain - a phenomenon comparable to other large scale international migrations throughout history due to the volume of people and geographic distances involved.[5]

Usage of term and discrimination during the 20th century

This wave of immigration led to a new rise in xenophobia in Catalonia, with the generalization of the derogatory term "xarnego" (Charnego, in Spanish), to refer to these new Catalans.[6] The term, originally meaning "mongrel", was historically used in southern France to refer to French people mixed with Spanish/Catalan heritage. Upon its introduction in Catalonia, it referred to immigrants from non-Catalan speaking regions of Spain - in other words, a foreigner to Catalonia. Eventually it also took on a linguistic sense referring to those Catalans who do not speak Catalan, without losing its ethnic, and classist connotations. The Catalan language thus became an important criterion to distinguish between "them" (the immigrants) and "us" (the Catalans). Franciscos Candel describes the situation in "Los otros catalanes (1964) and later defines himself as a Charnego in the senate (1979).

In film
  • The Bilingual Lover is a 1993 film in which the protagonist is a working-class Catalan man who reinvents himself as a charnego to recover his fetishist wife.
gollark: For now it'd be neat if there were actually good AR glasses available. Google Glass got killed off, and there was this company called North doing similar stuff but... Google bought them and killed them off too.
gollark: Brains are very adaptable, so perhaps you could just dump data into some neurons in some useful format and hope it learns to decode it.
gollark: I'd be *interested* in brain-computer-interface stuff, but it'll probably be a while before it develops into something useful and the security implications are very ææææaa.
gollark: It's still stupid. If the data is *there*, you can read it, no way around that.
gollark: This is something where you could probably make it actually-secure-ish through asymmetric cryptography, but just using a symmetric algorithm and hoping nobody will ever dump the keys is moronically stupid.

See also
  • Maketo, a Basque pejorative for immigrants from the rest of Spain

References
  1. "Catalans grapple with migrant influx". 22 November 2017. Retrieved 22 November 2017 – via news.BBC.co.uk.
  2. https://elpais.com/diario/1999/10/02/catalunya/938826452_850215.html
  3. https://elpais.com/diario/1999/10/02/catalunya/938826452_850215.html
  4. Ajeno i Cosp, 1993
  5. Naïk Miret (1 August 2001). "Las aportaciones de la inmigración al proceso de metropolización: el caso de Barcelona". ub.edu. Retrieved 23 October 2017.
  6. "Institut d'Estudis Catalans - xarnego". dlc.iec.cat. Retrieved 15 May 2017.


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