Charles Fisher (Canadian politician)

Charles Fisher (15 August 1808 – 8 December 1880) was a politician and jurist of New Brunswick, Canada. Fisher was a leading Reformer of his day who headed the first responsible government in New Brunswick from 1854 to 1861.

This article is about the Father of Confederation. For the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta, see Charles W. Fisher.
Charles Fisher
Premier of the Colony of New Brunswick
In office
1 June 1857 – 19 March 1861
MonarchVictoria
GovernorJohn Manners-Sutton
Preceded byJohn Hamilton Gray
Succeeded bySamuel Leonard Tilley
In office
1 November 1854 – 21 June 1856
MonarchVictoria
GovernorJohn Manners-Sutton
Preceded byPosition established
Succeeded byJohn Hamilton Gray
Personal details
Born15 August 1808
Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
Died8 December 1880(1880-12-08) (aged 72)
Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
Political partyLiberal Party
ChildrenFour sons and four daughters
FatherPeter Fisher

Born in Fredericton, he was first elected to the colonial assembly in 1837, serving from 1848 to 1850. During this time, Fisher wrote to his friend Joseph Howe about the evil ways of the family compact and on the irresponsible nature of the government and its politics. Fisher would become Leader of the Official Opposition and then Premier and Attorney General in 1854. His government implemented various reforms in education, administration and the electoral system. His government lost power in 1856 when it tried to implement Prohibition which proved unpopular with voters but he returned to power in 1857. His leadership ended in 1861 when he was ousted by fellow reformer Samuel L. Tilley due to a scandal over the leasing of crown lands.

Charles Fisher became a Father of Confederation, participating in the Quebec Conference of 1864 and the London Conference of 1866 that drafted the British North America Act.

He was elected to the House of Commons in 1867 as a Liberal but resigned his seat in 1868 to accept an appointment to the New Brunswick Supreme Court. One of his notable decisions as a judge of the Court was his lone dissent in Dow v Black, a significant constitutional law case dealing with the federal-provincial division of powers. He would have upheld the constitutionality of a provincial statute dealing with municipal taxation, but the majority of the Court held the statute to be unconstitutional. However, his position was upheld on appeal by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, at that time the court of last resort for the British Empire, which ruled that the statute was within provincial powers. In another case, Ex parte Renaud, he concurred in the Court's decision upholding the constitutionality of the Common Schools Act of 1871. That decision was also upheld by the Judicial Committee, in Maher v Town Council of Portland.

He declined an appointment to be Chief Justice of New Brunswick, remaining a puisne judge until his death at the age of 72.

His daughter, Jane M. Paulette Fisher, married future premier John James Fraser.

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