Cementogenesis

Cementogenesis is the formation of cementum, one of the three mineralized substances of a tooth. Cementum covers the roots of teeth and serves to anchor gingival and periodontal fibers of the periodontal ligament by the fibers to the alveolar bone (some types of cementum may also form on the surface of the enamel of the crown at the cementoenamel junction (CEJ)).[1]

Process

For cementogenesis to begin, Hertwig epithelial root sheath (HERS) must fragment. HERS is a collar of epithelial cells derived from the apical prolongation of the enamel organ. Once the root sheath disintegrates, the newly formed surface of root dentin comes into contact with the undifferentiated cells of the dental sac (dental follicle). This then stimulates the activation of cementoblasts to begin cementogenesis. The external shape of each root is fully determined by the position of the surrounding Hertwig epithelial root sheath.

It is believed that either 1) HERS becomes interrupted; 2) infiltrating dental sac cells receive a reciprocal inductive signal from the dentin; or 3) HERS cells transform into cementoblasts.[2]

The cementoblasts then disperse to cover the root dentin area and undergo cementogenesis, laying down cementoid. During the later steps within the stage of apposition, many of the cementoblasts become entrapped by the cementum they produce, becoming cementocytes. When the cementoid reaches the full thickness needed, the cementoid surrounding the cementocytes becomes mineralized, or matured, and is then considered cementum. Because of the apposition of cementum over the dentin, the dentinocemental junction (DCJ) is formed.[3]

After the apposition of cementum in layers, the cementoblasts that do not become entrapped in cementum line up along the cemental surface along the length of the outer covering of the periodontal ligament. These cementoblasts can form subsequent layers of cementum if the tooth is injured. Cementum grows slowly, by surface apposition, throughout life.[1]

gollark: Depending on how you count it my brain is much more powerful, or much less, than a lemon-powered portable electronic device.
gollark: Of course, it's possible that this is the wrong way to think about it, given that my brain is probably doing much more computation than a tablet powered by 5000 lemons thanks to a really optimized (for its specific task) architecture, and some hypothetical ultratech computer could probably do better.
gollark: I mean, it uses maybe 10W as far as I know (that's the right order of magnitude) so about as much as a tablet charger or 5000 lemons.
gollark: I *think* you'd only need 2500 lemons, wired in groups of 5.
gollark: It might actually be more reliable to host it on my spare Raspberry Pi 3B+ on terrible home interwebbernet uplinks powered by 2500 lemon batteries or something.

See also

References
  1. Cementum, Max A. Listgarten, University of Pennsylvania and Temple University, see "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2013-07-09. Retrieved 2013-08-06.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  2. Luan, X; Ito, Y; Diekwisch, TG (May 2006). "Evolution and development of Hertwig's epithelial root sheath". Dev. Dyn. 235 (5): 1167–80. doi:10.1002/dvdy.20674. PMC 2734338. PMID 16450392.
  3. Illustrated Dental Embryology, Histology, and Anatomy, Bath-Balogh and Fehrenbach, Elsevier, 2011, page 170-171


This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.