Cassandre (artist)

Cassandre, pseudonym of Adolphe Jean-Marie Mouron[1] (24 January 1901 – 17 June 1968) was a French painter, commercial poster artist, and typeface designer.[2][3]

Adolphe Jean-Marie Mouron
Born(1901-01-24)24 January 1901
Kharkiv, Russian Empire (modern-day Ukraine)
Died17 June 1968(1968-06-17) (aged 67)
Paris, Île-de-France, France
NationalityFrance

Early life and career
Adolphe Cassandre's famed 1935 depiction of the SS Normandie.

He was born Adolphe Jean-Marie Mouron in Kharkiv, Ukraine,[4][5] to French parents. As a young man, Cassandre moved to Paris, where he studied at the École des Beaux-Arts and at the Académie Julian. The popularity of posters as advertising afforded him an opportunity to work for a Parisian printing house. Inspired by cubism as well as surrealism, he earned a reputation with works such as Bûcheron (Woodcutter), a poster created for a cabinetmaker that won first prize at the 1925 Exposition Internationale des Arts Décoratifs et Industriels Modernes.

Cassandre became successful enough that with the help of partners he was able to set up his own advertising agency called Alliance Graphique, serving a wide variety of clients during the 1930s. He is perhaps best known for his posters advertising travel, for clients such as the Compagnie Internationale des Wagons-Lits.[6] He was a pioneer on airbrush arts.

His creations for the Dubonnet wine company were among the first posters designed in a manner that allowed them to be seen by occupants in moving vehicles. His posters are memorable for their innovative graphic solutions and their frequent denotations to such painters as Max Ernst and Pablo Picasso. In addition, he taught graphic design at the École des Arts Décoratifs and then at the École d'Art Graphique.

With typography an important part of poster design, the company created several new typeface styles. Cassandre developed Bifur in 1929, the sans serif Acier Noir in 1935, and in 1937 an all-purpose font called Peignot. In 1936, his works were exhibited at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City which led to commissions from Harper's Bazaar to do cover designs.

Later career

With the onset of World War II, Cassandre served in the French army until the fall of France. His business long gone, he survived by creating stage sets and costumes for the theatre, something he had dabbled in during the 1930s.[7] After the war, he continued this line of work while also returning to easel painting. He worked with several famous French fashion houses, designing playing cards and scarfs for Hermès [8] and the well-known Yves Saint Laurent logo.

In his later years, Cassandre suffered from bouts of depression prior to his suicide in Paris in 1968.[4]

In 1985, Cassandre's son told his father's life story in a book titled A.M. Cassandre. The book, published in English by Rizzoli, is currently out of print.[9]

Typeface

These foundry types were produced by Deberny & Peignot from designs by Cassandre:[10]

  • Acier Noir (1936)
  • Bifur (1929)
  • Peignot (1937)
  • Touraine (1947), with Charles Peignot
gollark: That is heresy.
gollark: I say we need many cyberbacteria per computer.
gollark: You would need many computers for just a single cyberbacterium.
gollark: Sounds uncool.
gollark: Firstly, what will cyberbacteria be and do?

References
  1. (in French) Notice d'autorité personne : Cassandre, BnF, according to the international pseudonym convention described in the BnF authority file.
  2. http://www.brainpickings.org/index.php/2013/01/24/cassandre/ Brainpickings - Cassandre, accessdate on January 27, 2013
  3. Benezit Dictionary of Artists
  4. O'Mahony, Niamh. "Adolphe Mouron Cassandre (1901-1968)". Retrieved August 7, 2009.
  5. (ru)Great Russian Encyclopedia
  6. See images at Moma.org
  7. Archives du spectacle
  8. The World of Playing Cards
  9. Amazon.com page for A.M. Cassandre by Henri Mouron
  10. Jaspert, W. Pincus, W. Turner Berry and A.F. Johnson. The Encyclopedia of Type Faces. Blandford Press Lts.: 1953, 1983, ISBN 0-7137-1347-X, p. 2408-249

Sources
  • Robert K. Brown: The poster art of A. M. Cassandre. - New York: Dutton, 1979
  • Henri Mouron: A. M. Cassandre : affiches, arts graph., théâtre. - München: Schirmer/Mosel, 1985
    published in English as Cassandre : Posters, Typography, Stage Designs - London: Thames and Hudson, 1986 (ISBN 0-500-23450-7)
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