Buford Pusser

Buford Hayse Pusser (December 12, 1937 – August 21, 1974) was the Sheriff of McNairy County, Tennessee, from 1964 to 1970 and Constable of Adamsville from 1970 to 1972. Pusser is known for his virtual one-man war on moonshining, prostitution, gambling, and other vices along the Mississippi–Tennessee state line. His efforts have inspired several books, songs,[1] movies, and a TV series. He was also a wrestler known as "Buford the Bull" in the Mid-South.

Buford Pusser
Born(1937-12-12)December 12, 1937
Finger, Tennessee, U.S.
DiedAugust 21, 1974(1974-08-21) (aged 36)
Adamsville, Tennessee, U.S.
Cause of deathcar accident
Other namesBuford The Bull
OccupationSheriff
Spouse(s)Pauline Mullins (1959–1967; her death)
ChildrenDwana
Websitehttp://sheriffbufordpusser.com
Buford Pusser Home and Museum in Adamsville

The Buford Pusser Museum[2] was established at the home he lived in at the time of his death in 1974. A Buford Pusser Festival is held each May in his hometown of Adamsville, Tennessee.

Life and career

Buford Pusser was born in Finger, McNairy County, Tennessee on December 12, 1937,[3] the son of Helen (née Harris) and Carl Pusser.[4] His father was the police chief of Adamsville, Tennessee.[5] Buford Pusser was a high school football and basketball player and was 6 feet 6 inches (1.98 m) tall. He joined the United States Marine Corps when he graduated from high school. His service ended during his United States Marine Corps Recruit Training, when he was given a medical discharge for asthma.[6]

In 1957 he moved to Chicago, where he was a local wrestler known as "Buford The Bull". He married Pauline Mullins on December 5, 1959. Pusser returned home in 1962. He was Adamsville's police chief and constable from 1962 to 1964. After incumbent sheriff James Dickey was killed in a freak auto accident, Pusser was then elected sheriff of McNairy County, Tennessee, becoming the youngest sheriff in Tennessee's history. Pusser promptly began trying to eliminate the Dixie Mafia and the State Line Mob.

Pusser survived several assassination attempts.[7] On February 1, 1966, Louise Hathcock attempted to kill Pusser during an on-site investigation of a robbery complaint at The Shamrock. Hathcock fired on Pusser with a concealed .38 pistol. Pusser returned fire and killed Hathcock. On January 2, 1967, Pusser was shot three times by an unidentified gunman.[8]

Already a local hero, Pusser's "war" on the State Line Mob was brought to national prominence when his wife, Pauline, was killed on August 12, 1967, during an assassination ambush intended for Pusser. Pusser named Kirksey McCord Nix, Jr. as the contractor of his wife's killers, although neither Nix nor anyone else was ever charged with the crime. Pusser shot and killed an intoxicated Charles Russell Hamilton on December 25, 1968, after responding to a complaint that Hamilton had threatened his landlord with a gun.[9]

Pusser was ineligible for re-election in 1970 due to the term limit then in effect. He was defeated in his bid for sheriff in 1972. Pusser blamed the loss to incumbent Sheriff Clifford Coleman in part on the controversy surrounding the making of the semi-biographical movie, Walking Tall. He was re-elected as constable of Adamsville by a majority of voters who wrote in his name on their ballots. He served as constable for two more years (1970–1972).

Murder of Pauline Pusser

According to Pusser, his phone rang before dawn on the morning of August 12, 1967, informing him of a disturbance on New Hope Road in McNairy County; Pusser responded and his wife Pauline rode along. Shortly after they passed the New Hope Methodist Church, a car came alongside theirs and the occupant opened fire, killing Pauline and leaving Pusser for dead. Doctors said he was struck on the left side of his jaw by at least two, or possibly three, rounds from a .30 caliber carbine. He spent 18 days in the hospital before returning home and would need several more surgeries to restore his appearance.

Despite vowing to bring his wife's murderers to justice Pusser was unable to bring Kirksey Nix or any of the accused to justice. Nix was sentenced to the Louisiana State Penitentiary in Angola for the Easter Saturday 1971 murder of New Orleans grocer Frank J. Corso. Nix was later involved in the 1987 murder-for-hire of Judge Vincent Sherry and his wife Margaret, in Biloxi, Mississippi. His co-conspirator, Biloxi Mayor Pete Halat, had stolen hundreds of thousands of dollars from Nix and blamed it on his law partner, Judge Sherry. Nix ordered a hit from prison and was later sentenced to isolation for the rest of his life. Nix has repeatedly refused to comment about Pusser's claims that he was one of Pauline Pusser's killers.

Death

Pusser died on August 21, 1974 from injuries sustained in a one-car automobile accident at 35°12′21″N 88°27′35.7″W.[10] Earlier that day, he contracted with Bing Crosby Productions in Memphis to portray himself in the sequel to Walking Tall. That evening, returning home alone from the McNairy County Fair in his specially modified Corvette, Pusser struck an embankment at high speed that ejected him from the vehicle. The car caught fire and burned.[10]

Local speculation as to the cause included rumors of sabotage to the steering mechanism and the tie-rods. The State Trooper who worked the accident, Paul Ervin, later became McNairy County sheriff. Ervin claimed that Pusser's death was caused by drunk driving without a seat-belt. Dwana, a passenger in another car, came upon the scene of the accident moments later. No autopsy of Pusser's body was performed. As sheriff, Pusser was credited with surviving seven stabbings and eight shootings. Pusser's memorial service was held at the Adamsville Church of Christ.

In music

Singer Eddie Bond wrote and recorded several songs honouring Pusser, beginning with "Buford Pusser" in 1968.[11] Many of them were collected on a 1973 LP album, Eddie Bond Sings The Legend Of Buford Pusser.[12] Pusser himself was also a recording artist, with "It Happened In Tennessee", released in October 1973 on Stax Records subsidiary Respect.[13] Southern rock band Drive-By Truckers told the story of Pusser's battle with organized crime in the songs "The Boys from Alabama," "Cottonseed," and "The Buford Stick" from their 2004 album The Dirty South.

Pop culture
Buford Pusser's official sheriff badge

Pusser was the subject of three biographical books written by W.R. Morris: The Twelfth of August: The Story of Buford Pusser (1971), Buford: True Story of "Walking Tall" Sheriff Buford Pusser (1984) and The State Line Mob: A True Story of Murder and Intrigue (1990). In addition, Morris also created a pictorial history book of Buford called The Legacy of Buford Pusser: A Pictorial History of the "Walking Tall" Sheriff (1997). Pusser's daughter Dwana released a book in 2009 entitled Walking On, which is also an account of his life.

The 1973 movie Walking Tall was based on Pusser's story. It was followed by two sequels in 1975 and 1977, a TV movie in 1978 and a brief TV series in 1981.

A remake by the same title was released in 2004 starring Dwayne Johnson as the main character, renamed Chris Vaughn.

After the success of the 2004 film, Walking Tall: The Payback was released in 2007 direct-to-video. The name of the main character, who was portrayed by Kevin Sorbo, was changed to Nick Prescott, and the movie was set in the Dallas area. Later that year, on September 25, 2007, Sorbo returned in Walking Tall: Lone Justice.

In the songs "The Buford Stick" and "The Boys From Alabama," from their 2004 album The Dirty South, the Drive-By Truckers speculated on how criminals might have viewed Pusser.

Jimmy Buffett refers to an altercation between himself and Pusser in the songs "Presents To Send You" and "Semi-True Stories" (from the albums A1A and Beach House on the Moon, respectively).[14] According to Buffet, he and Pusser were staying in the same Nashville motel when Buffet decided to go out for some food and bring it back to the motel. Buffet, who had been drinking, couldn't find his rental car and decided to climb up on a Cadillac for a better view. That Cadillac turned out to belong to Pusser, who wasn't at all pleased to find this stranger atop his car.[15]

Pusser is mentioned in season 3, episode 8 of The Wire by Officer Jimmy McNulty in reference to a sheriff he plans to speak to.

Comedian Jeff Foxworthy, in his 1993 studio album, You Might He a Redneck if..., refers to Buford Pusser in a joke about his wife's childbirth retellings, remarking, "You didn't have more stitches than Buford Pusser".

gollark: Consider my laptop: as well as the actual "computer" composed of the main CPU cores and RAM and whatever, the main CPU die also contains at least four other independent computers: the Intel Management Engine, the GuC and HuC on the GPU, and I think a processor which runs power management.
gollark: No, the BIOS is just the first stage of the boot process.
gollark: All recent computers have extra computers inside them, which have their own probably-basically-unaudited firmware with access to some critical system component or other.
gollark: Basically, computers don't work and you should run away from them.
gollark: Android WiFi chipsets have all kinds of fun bugs like that which sometimes allow remote code execution and which will probably just never be patched on lots of phones.

References
  1. "Records". Drive-By Truckers. Retrieved November 16, 2010.
  2. "Buford Pusser Home & Museum". Bufordpussermuseum.com. December 25, 1968. Retrieved November 16, 2010.
  3. Birdwell, Michael E. (October 8, 2017). "Biography, Bufford Pusser". Tennessee Encyclopedia.net. Nashville, TN: Tennessee Historical Society.
  4. Bumgarner, Jeff (2008). Icons of Crime Fighting. 1. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. p. 239. ISBN 978-1-5672-0673-9 – via Google Books.
  5. Icons of Crime Fighting, p. 241.
  6. "How Tall Did Buford Pusser Really Walk". People Magazine. Retrieved August 28, 2014.
  7. "Buford Pusser, Sheriff Depicted In 'Walking Tall' Film, Is Dead". The New York Times. August 22, 1974. p. 36. Retrieved April 1, 2019. There were at least seven attempts on Mr. Pusser's life, including one in 1967 when he and his wife Pauline were driving along a country road near the town of New Hope. Their car was sprayed with 30‐caliber bullets, and Mrs. Pusser was killed.
  8. Brewer, Wiley. "Pusser Shot After Stopping Speeding Auto". Daily Corinthian, January 3, 1967; retrieved January 11, 2008.
  9. Casey, James. "Sheriff Slays Killer of Four In McNairy". The Jackson Sun; retrieved January 11, 2008.
  10. "Buford Pusser Died Here, Adamsville, Tennessee". RoadsideAmerica.com. Retrieved October 29, 2015.
  11. "Eddie Bond Discography - USA". 45cat. Retrieved October 31, 2018.
  12. "Eddie Bond - Sings The Legend Of Buford Pusser (Vinyl, US, 1973)". Discogs. Retrieved October 31, 2018.
  13. "Buford Pusser - It Happened In Tennessee Pt. 1".
  14. Ghianni, Tim (May 3, 2019). "King of the Road was like Nashville's own Vegas, complete with Miller's 'Rat Pack'". Nashville Ledger. 43 (18). Street Level. Retrieved June 15, 2019.
  15. Hunter, Al (July 10, 2014). "Jimmy Buffett: Walking Tall". The Weekly View. Bumps in the Night. Retrieved June 15, 2019.

Sources
  • Morris, W.R. (1990). The State Line Mob. Rutledge Hill Press. ISBN 1-55853-861-5.
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