Breviceps

Breviceps is a genus of frogs in the family Brevicipitidae. Species in the genus Breviceps are commonly known as rain frogs or short-headed frogs.[1][2] They occur in arid to semiarid climates of East Africa and Southern Africa.[1]

Breviceps
Bushveld rain frog, B. adspersus
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Family: Brevicipitidae
Genus: Breviceps
Merrem, 1820
Type species
Rana gibbosa
Linnaeus, 1758
Species

See text

Taxonomy

The genus Breviceps consists of 19 species, of which most occur in southern Africa. There are five species found in the Western Cape, B. gibbosus, B. fuscus (black rain frog), B. rosei (Rose's rain frog), B. montanus (mountain rain frog) and B. acutirostris (strawberry rain frog). Two species are found in arid areas and other species are found in the eastern and northern parts of southern Africa.[3]

  • Breviceps acutirostris Poynton, 1963
  • Breviceps adspersus Peters, 1882
  • Breviceps bagginsi Minter, 2003
  • Breviceps branchi Channing, 2012
  • Breviceps carruthersi Du Preez, Netherlands, and Minter, 2017
  • Breviceps fichus Channing and Minter, 2004
  • Breviceps fuscus Hewitt, 1925
  • Breviceps gibbosus (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Breviceps macrops Boulenger, 1907
  • Breviceps montanus Power, 1926
  • Breviceps mossambicus Peters, 1854
  • Breviceps namaquensis Power, 1926
  • Breviceps passmorei Minter, Netherlands, and Du Preez, 2017
  • Breviceps pentheri Werner, 1899
  • Breviceps poweri Parker, 1934
  • Breviceps rosei Power, 1926
  • Breviceps sopranus Minter, 2003
  • Breviceps sylvestris FitzSimons, 1930
  • Breviceps verrucosus Rapp, 1842

Description

Species of the genus Breviceps are sexually dimorphic: males are much smaller than females.[2] This prevents normal amplexus; instead, males and females produce an adhesive secretion from the skin that allows them to "stick" together during mating.[2][4]

Ecology and behaviour

Species of the genus Breviceps spend most of the year underground; even when on the surface, they are inconspicuous because of their slow movements and cryptic colouration. They walk rather than hop. They are able to burrow rapidly, backwards, into the soil by using the enlarged, spade-like metatarsal tubercles on their feet.[4]

These frogs emerge after rain to feed on small arthropods such as ants, termites, beetles, moths, woodlice, amphipods, juvenile millipedes, and caterpillars. Reproduction also occurs during the rainy season. Choruses start immediately after heavy rains, although this may be delayed in colder areas. Eggs are laid in chambers below the surface of the soil, rocks, or fallen logs. After hatching, the movements of the tadpoles make the remains of the egg mass into a froth. The female remains close to the egg chamber until the tadpoles are fully developed.[4]

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References
  1. Frost, Darrel R. (2016). "Breviceps Merrem, 1820". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 21 August 2016.
  2. "Brevicipitidae". AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application]. Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb. 2016. Retrieved 21 August 2016.
  3. "Cape rain frog". SANBI. Archived from the original on 2016-08-23. Retrieved 2016-09-13.
  4. Minter, Leslie Rory (1999). Aspects of the reproductive biology of Breviceps (Ph.D.). University of the Witwatersrand.
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