Brenda Shaffer

Brenda Shaffer (born c. 1965) is an American scholar who holds positions as visiting researcher and adjunct professor at Georgetown University, Fellow with the Atlantic Council and professor at University of Haifa (on sabbatical). Shaffer was the former research director of the Caspian Studies Program at Harvard's Kennedy School of Government and past president of the Foreign Policy Section of the American Political Science Association. She specializes on energy in international relations and energy policy in the Caspian region and has written or edited several books of these topics, including "Energy Politics" and "Beyond the Resource Curse." Shaffer has also written a number of books on the topic of identity and culture in the Caucasus including explorations of Azeri literature and culture.

Biography

Shaffer was born in the United States in about 1965. She grew up in the San Francisco Bay area, attending Burlingame High School (California). In 1982, while still at high school, she made her first visit to the USSR.[1]. She received her Ph.D. from Tel Aviv University and is currently a visiting researcher and adjunct professor at Georgetown University in Washington, D.C.[2] and a nonresident senior fellow with the Atlantic Council in Washington, D.C.[3] She is on sabbatical from the University of Haifa, where she is a professor in the School of Political Science.[4]

Previously, Shaffer taught at the department of Asian Studies and at the Graduate School of Management, division of natural resources management, at the University of Haifa.[5] and was the research director of the Caspian Studies Project at Harvard University's Kennedy School of Government,[6] where she had been a postdoctoral fellow at the International Security Program. Shaffer has also held positions as president of the Foreign Policy Section of the American Political Science Association, researcher and policy analyst for the Government of Israel and visiting professor with the Azerbaijan Diplomatic Academy,[7] and she provides energy industry research and consulting to businesses and governments.

Shaffer is the author or editor of a number of books and has given Congressional testimonies on several occasions in front of the United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs on issues related to U.S. policy in the Caspian region.[8] She frequently[9] provides commentary and analysis on energy issues and international policy in the Middle East and Caspian region, including recently for CNBC,[10] CNN,[11] Fox News,[12] The Financial Times,[13] Bloomberg News,[14] National Public Radio,[15] The Christian Science Monitor,[16] USA Today,[17] and numerous others.

Shaffer reads a number of languages, including English, Turkish, Azerbaijani, Russian, and Hebrew.

Short Bio
  • Presently visiting researcher and adjunct professor at Georgetown University and nonresident senior fellow at the Atlantic Council; on sabbatical from the University of Haifa.
  • 2001-2004 Post-doctoral fellow, "Young Truman Scholar" three-year fellowship in the field of Middle East Studies, Harry S. Truman Research Institute for the Advancement of Peace at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem (Israel).
  • 2000-2001 Post-doctoral fellow, International Relations & Middle East Studies, Hebrew University of Jerusalem (Israel).
  • 1999-2005 Post-doctoral fellow, International Security Program, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University (USA).
  • 1996-1999 Ph. D. School of History, Tel Aviv University (Israel). Dissertation topic: "The Formation of Azerbaijani Collective Identity: in Light of the Islamic Revolution in Iran and the Soviet Breakup."
  • 1986-1989 MA in Political Science (with specialization in Russian Studies) Hebrew University of Jerusalem (Israel). (MA thesis topic: "Soviet Power Projection— the View of the Military").
  • 1983-1986 BA in Political Science and International Relations, Hebrew University of Jerusalem (Israel).

Publications

Books
  • Co-editor of "Beyond the Resource Curse" (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2012).
  • Author of "Energy Politics" (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2009).
  • Editor of "The Limits of Culture: Islam and Foreign Policy" (MIT Press, 2006).
  • Author of "Partners in Need: The Strategic Relationship of Russia and Iran" (the Washington Institute for Near East Policy).
  • Author of "Borders and Brethren: Iran and the Challenge of Azerbaijani Identity" (MIT Press, 2002). The book was also published in Turkish (Bilgi University Press, Istanbul, 2008) and in Persian (Ulus Press, Tehran, 2008).

Book chapters and other publications
  • "Energy Resources in the Eastern Mediterranean: Prospects for energy markets and regional developments" in Michael Leigh (ed.), Eastern Mediterranean Energy: Fuel for conflict or cooperation? (D.C.: German Marshall Fund, 2012).
  • "US Policy and the Strategic Caucasus" in Frances Burwell and Svante E. Cornell, eds., The Transatlantic Partnership and Relations with Russia (Washington: Atlantic Council of the United States and Institute for Security and Development Policy, 2012).
  • "Ethnic Politics in Iran," in Reuven Pedatzur (editor), Iran and Regional Hegemony (S. Daniel Abraham Strategic Dialogue Center in association with the Friedrich Ebert Stiftung, 2010).
  • "The Islamic Republic of Iran: Is It Really?" in Brenda Shaffer (ed.), The Limits of Culture: Islam and Foreign Policy (Cambridge, MA.: MIT Press, 2006).
  • "Iran’s Internal Azerbaijani Challenge: Implications for Policy in the Caucasus," in Moshe Gammer (ed.), The Caucasus (London: Frank Cass, 2004).
  • "U.S. Policy in the South Caucasus," in Dov Lynch (ed.) The South Caucasus: a challenge for the EU (Chaillot Paper 65, EU ISS, December 2003).
  • "Azerbaijan" in Waisman and Vasserman (ed.), Political Organizations in Central Asia and Azerbaijan: Sources and Documents (London: Frank Cass, 2003).
  • "Azerbaycan Cumhuryetinin Kurulusu: Iran’daki Azeriler Uzerinde Etkisi", in Emine Gursoy-Naskali and Erdal Sahin (eds.) Turk Cumhuriyetleri (Amsterdam/Istanbul, SOTA Publications, 2002)(in Turkish).
  • "Statement on The Caucasus and Caspian Region: Understanding U.S. Interests and Policy", Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Europe of the Committee on International Relations, House of Representatives, One Hundred Seventh Congress, First Session, October 10, 2001, Serial No. 107–51.[18]
  • "U.S. Russian Relations: Implications for the Caspian Region", Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard University, June 2001.
  • "Postscript" in David Menashri (ed.), Central Asia Meets the Middle East (London: Frank Cass, 1998).

Selected Articles, Papers, etc

Prof. Shaffer's articles have appeared in a number of newspapers and journals, including an article in "Current History" entitled "Is there a Muslim Foreign Policy?" and "Iran at the Nuclear Threshold" (Arms Control Today; November 2003). Her Opinion Editorials have been published in the Wall Street Journal, Boston Globe, the International Herald Tribune, and The Jerusalem Post.[6]

  • "Israel: New Natural Gas Producer in the Mediterranean", Energy Policy 38, pp. 5379–5387 (2011)
  • "The Foreign Policies of Landlocked States," Post-Soviet Affairs Vol. 27, No. 3, pp. 1–37 (July 2011) (Co-Authored with Dr. Avinoam Idan)
  • "Caspian Energy Phase II: Beyond 2005", Energy Policy 38, pp. 7209–7215 (2010)
  • "Turkey's Energy Policies in a Tight Global Energy Market", Insight Turkey, issue 2, volume 8 (April–June 2006)
  • "From Pipedream to Pipeline: Lessons from the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan Pipeline Project", Current History, issue 684, volume 104, pp. 343–347 (October 2005)
  • "The Formation of Azerbaijani Collective Identity in Iran", Nationalities Papers, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp. 449–477 (September 2000)
  • "Foreign Policies of the States of the Caucasus: Evolution in the Post-Soviet Period", Uluslararasi Iliskiler International Relations (Ankara) Vol. 7, No. 26, pp. 51–65. Turkish and English. (Summer 2010)

Reviews

On the book "Energy Politics", Michael L. Ross, a professor of political science at the University of California, Los-Angeles and one of the leading experts on oil in international relations wrote:

Brenda Shaffer has produced an essential guide to the energy politics of the 21st century. Her insights into the growing role of natural gas, and its implications for global security, are especially valuable.[19]

Scott Pegg, of Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis added:

A consistent strength of Shaffer’s work is that it pays attention to both energy producers and consumers and the links between them. Given the comparative emphasis in much of the "resource curse" literature on oil producers, her focus on the growing importance of natural gas and the role of transit states is especially welcome[20]

On the book "Beyond the Resource Curse", Svante Cornell of Johns Hopkins University wrote:

Beyond the Resource Curse foursquarely addresses the question of what resources can do - or not do - for a country. The novelty of the data - the contributors treat a broad array of cases that are seldom thought about - along with the freshness of the analysis and the eclectic mix of topics and countries discussed, makes this a truly refreshing volume.[21]

In a review to CHOICE Magazine, B. J. Peterson wrote:

Shaffer and Ziyadov have put together a broad scope of understanding of the difficulty in identifying the impact of natural resource accumulation on economic performance and governance. Of particular note are the chapters describing the natural resource curse; a perspective on Norway, and the attempt to empirically estimate the causal relationship between the resource curse, domestic instability and international conflict. A useful supplemental text for graduate courses on energy or environmental economics and an appropriate addition to collections supporting energy economists.[22]

On the book "Borders and Brethren: Iran and the Challenge of Azerbaijani Identity", Camron Michael Amin, an associate professor of history at the University of Michigan-Dearborn wrote:

Shaffer has captured the complicated cultural trends in modern Azerbaijani society on both sides of the Araz and offered an excellent framework in which to interpret those trends. And, as is the case with all the best pioneering efforts, she has also created a promising point of departure for further inquiry...[23]

Hamlet Isakhanli, President and Founder of Khazar University, Baku, Azerbaijan, added to "Borders and Brethren":

A very comprehensive and interesting intellectual endeavor that will interest specialists on identity, the Middle East, and post-Soviet studies, as well as the citizens of Iran and the Republic of Azerbaijan[24]

Criticisms

Shaffer's book, "Borders and Brethren: Iran and the Challenge of Azerbaijani Identity" received criticism from Touraj Atabaki, a professor of social history at the University of Amsterdam and a senior research fellow at the International Institute of Social History, who wrote that:

Borders and Brethren is an excellent example of how a political agenda can dehistoricize and decontextualize history".[25]

Shaffer's article "U.S. Policy toward the Caspian Region: Recommendations for the Bush Administration" has also created controversy with regards to the objectivity of Harvard's Caspian Studies Program. Ken Silverstein, of Harper's Magazine, in an article titled "Academics for Hire", comments:

Harvard's Caspian Studies Program receives a lot of money from both the oil companies and from some of the governments... As I had previously reported, the Caspian Studies Program (CSP) was launched in 1999 with a $1 million grant from the United States‒Azerbaijan Chamber of Commerce (USACC) and a consortium of companies led by ExxonMobil and Chevron Corporation. The program's other funders include Amerada Hess Corporation, ConocoPhillips, Unocal, and Glencore International...[26]

Shaffer has also drawn criticism for writing on geostrategic issues regarding Azerbaijan under her academic affiliations, while working as a consultant to the President of SOCAR, the State Oil Company of Azerbaijan.[27] On September 17, 2014, The New York Times published an editor's note to highlight that Shaffer did not disclose her affiliation to SOCAR when publishing an Op-Ed in its pages about the conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh.[28] This has drawn criticism in other notable news outlets.[29][30]

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References
  1. https://www.csce.gov/international-impact/events/security-economic-and-human-rights-dimensions-us-azerbaijan-relations Testimony to US Helsinki Commission, June 11, 2014
  2. http://explore.georgetown.edu/people/bss51/
  3. http://www.atlanticcouncil.org/about/experts/list/brenda-shaffer
  4. "Lecturers: Prof. Brenda Shaffer, School of Political Sciences". Archived from the original on 2015-02-27. Retrieved 2016-04-30.
  5. "University of Haifa. School of Political Sciences - Faculty: Dr. Brenda Shaffer". Archived from the original on 2013-09-29. Retrieved 2013-05-12.
  6. http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/experts/283/brenda_shaffer.html
  7. http://biweekly.ada.edu.az/facultyresearch/faculty/brenda_shaffer
  8. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2013-02-15. Retrieved 2013-09-08.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  9. http://explore.georgetown.edu/people/bss51/?action=viewnews&PageTemplateID=360
  10. http://video.cnbc.com/gallery/?video=3000497746&play=1
  11. https://money.cnn.com/2016/01/16/investing/iran-sanctions-lift-oil/
  12. http://www.foxnews.com/opinion/2015/10/13/two-real-wars-being-waged-right-now-in-middle-east.html
  13. https://subscribe.ft.com/barrier/logic?location=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcms%2Fs%2F0%2F9c8cfb2e-e1f3-11e4-bb7f-00144feab7de.html%3Fsiteedition%3Duk&referer=http%3A%2F%2Fexplore.georgetown.edu%2Fpeople%2Fbss51%2F%3Faction%3Dviewnews%26PageTemplateID%3D360&classification=conditional_standard#axzz3XD44RqZw
  14. https://podfanatic.com/podcast/bloomberg-all-podcasts/episode/bloomberg-advantage-shaffer-on-russian-war-on-terror
  15. https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2015/12/03/458353036/as-saudi-arabia-battles-its-oil-rivals-prices-are-expected-to-stay-low
  16. http://www.csmonitor.com/Environment/Energy/2016/0202/Can-energy-unite-a-divided-Europe
  17. https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/business/2015/04/08/shell-bg-group/25449525/
  18. http://commdocs.house.gov/committees/intlrel/hfa75632.000/hfa75632_0f.htm
  19. http://www.upenn.edu/pennpress/book/14628.html
  20. Scott Pegg. "Review of Brenda Shaffer, Energy Politics", Perspectives on Politics, March 2011, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 129-132
  21. http://www.upenn.edu/pennpress/book/14997.html
  22. https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0812244001/ref=s9_simh_gw_p14_d2_i1?pf_rd_m=ATVPDKIKX0DER&pf_rd_s=center-2&pf_rd_r=1X5NMED2REFMEW2SNJXQ&pf_rd_t=101&pf_rd_p=1389517282&pf_rd_i=507846
  23. "Camron Michael Amin. "Review of Brenda Shaffer, Borders and Brethren: Iran and the Challenge of Azerbaijani Identity," H-Gender-MidEast, H-Net Reviews, August, 2003". Archived from the original on 2007-06-12. Retrieved 2007-08-15.
  24. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2010-07-21. Retrieved 2012-09-17.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  25. Touraj Atabaki, Review of "Brenda Shaffer, Borders and Brethren, Iran and the Challenge of Azerbaijan Identity", In Slavic Review, 63:1 (2004). Also here:
  26. "Academics for Hire - Tuesday, May 30, 2006". Archived from the original on August 1, 2012. Retrieved August 1, 2012.
  27. Energy Charter Secretariat (20 March 2013). "WORKSHOP ON CONTRACTUAL ISSUES RELATED TO ENERGY TRADE" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 September 2014. Retrieved 17 September 2014.
  28. Editors’ Note (September 17, 2014). "Disclosure Update". New York Times. Retrieved 17 September 2014.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
  29. Bruckner, Till (November 22, 2014). "U.S. Foreign Policy Manipulation via Media Is Systemic, Warns Expert". Huffington Post.
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