Born Free

Born Free is a 1966 British drama film starring Virginia McKenna and Bill Travers as Joy and George Adamson, a real-life couple who raised Elsa the Lioness, an orphaned lion cub, to adulthood, and released her into the wilderness of Kenya. The film was produced by Open Road Films Ltd. and Columbia Pictures. The screenplay, written by blacklisted Hollywood writer Lester Cole (under the pseudonym "Gerald L.C. Copley"), was based upon Joy Adamson's 1960 non-fiction book Born Free. The film was directed by James Hill and produced by Sam Jaffe and Paul Radin. Born Free, and its musical score by John Barry, won numerous awards.

This article is about the 1966 film. For other uses, see Born Free (disambiguation).

Born Free
Theatrical release poster
Directed byJames Hill
Produced bySam Jaffe
Paul Radin
Screenplay byLester Cole
Based onBorn Free by Joy Adamson
StarringVirginia McKenna
Bill Travers
Music byJohn Barry
CinematographyKenneth Talbot
Edited byDon Deacon
Production
company
Distributed byColumbia Pictures
Release date
  • 14 March 1966 (1966-03-14)
(UK) (Royal Film Performance)
  • 22 June 1966 (1966-06-22)
(US)
Running time
95 minutes
CountryUnited Kingdom
LanguageEnglish
Budget$2 million[1]
Box office$3.6 million (est. US/ Canada rentals)[2]

Plot

In a village in the Northern Province of Kenya, a human is killed and eaten by a male lion. British senior game warden, George Adamson (Bill Travers) is sent in to kill the menacing lion and also his female, who charges him in defence of her three cubs. George brings the three cubs home to his wife Joy (Virginia McKenna) and raises them. They name the cubs Big One, Lastika and Elsa who is the youngest and the one which Joy and George become especially attached to. When the cubs get too old, the older two are sent to Rotterdam Zoo but the Adamsons choose to keep Elsa.

Some years later, Joy and George soon have to travel to Kiunga as George has been told by his boss, John Kendall (Geoffrey Keen) about a lion who is killing goats in a local village. George successfully manages to kill the lion and he and Joy are able to share a special holiday with Elsa, where they introduce her to the Indian Ocean. On returning to the Northern Province, the Adamsons learn that Elsa has caused a massive elephant stampede. Kendall states that the Adamsons can no longer keep Elsa and must find a zoo to take her in. However, Joy instead wishes to teach Elsa how to survive in the wild, which Kendall reluctantly gives her and George three months to do.

Joy and George travel to Meru National Park where they aim to release Elsa. Initially, they attempt to introduce Elsa to a male lion, which does not go to plan – they leave her overnight with a fresh zebra kill but return in the morning to find her all by herself. Elsa is constantly taken out to the bush but fails to make a kill, getting attacked by a warthog on one of these outings. Eventually, Joy and George decide to leave Elsa in the bush for at least a week and change the location of their camp so that Elsa can become more independent. However, they find her severely injured (possibly by wild lions). Joy still believes that she can teach Elsa to survive as she opposes sending her to a zoo, where she will have no freedom. This proves to be a good decision as Elsa eventually starts leaving the Adamsons for days at a time and eventually makes several kills. The Adamsons thus take her out for her final test – an attempt to join a wild pride. Elsa manages to fight a wild lioness and is accepted into the pride – Joy and George are overjoyed at their success but promise to see their dear friend again when they return to Kenya.

A year later, the Adamsons return to Kenya and are given a week to find Elsa. They are overjoyed to see that Elsa has succeeded as a wild lion and is now the mother of three cubs. However, Joy and George both agree that they will not interact with the cubs, allowing them to survive as wild lions.

Cast

The film's credits list lions and lionesses Boy, Girl, Henrietta, Mara, Ugas, and "the Cubs".

Production

The film reunited the real-life couple Bill Travers and Virginia McKenna as a couple first seen together in The Smallest Show on Earth in 1957.

George Adamson served as chief technical advisor on the film and discusses his involvement in his first autobiography, Bwana Game (UK title, 1968), known in the US as A Lifetime with Lions.[3] According to Ben Mankiewicz, who introduces the film on Turner Classic Movies, the production unit mainly used wild lions.

The making of the film was a life-changing experience for actors Virginia McKenna and her husband Bill Travers, who became animal rights activists and were instrumental in creating the Born Free Foundation.

One of the lions in the film was played by a former mascot of the Scots Guards, who had to leave him behind when they left Kenya.[4] The producers also acknowledged the help received from Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia and the Game Department of Uganda.

Critical response and box-office

Born Free received critical acclaim. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports that 92% of 12 film critics have given the film a positive review, with a rating average of 7 out of 10.[5]

Vincent Canby waxed enthusiastic about the film, writing in The New York Times, "Almost from the opening shot – a vast expanse of corn-coloured African plain where lions feed on the carcass of a freshly killed zebra – one knows that Joy Adamson's best-selling book Born Free has been entrusted to honest, intelligent filmmakers. Without minimising the facts of animal life or overly sentimentalising them, this film casts an enchantment that is just about irresistible."[6]

The film was one of the most popular movies at the box-office in Britain during 1966.[7]

Accolades

Won

  • Academy Award for Original Music Score: John Barry
  • Academy Award for Best Song: John Barry (music) and Don Black (lyrics) for "Born Free"
  • Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song – Motion Picture: John Barry
  • Grammy Award for Best Original Score Written for a Motion Picture: John Barry

Nomination

The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists:

Sequels and spinoffs

The book Born Free (1960) was followed by two other books, Living Free (1961) and Forever Free (1963). In 1972, a film sequel entitled Living Free was released. While deriving its name from the second book, the film was based on the third book in the series. It starred Susan Hampshire and Nigel Davenport as Joy and George Adamson.

A documentary follow-up to Born Free, entitled The Lions Are Free, was released in 1969. The film follows Born Free-actor Bill Travers as he journeys to a remote area in Kenya to visit George Adamson, and several of Adamson's lion friends.

In 1974, a 13-episode American television series was broadcast by NBC, entitled Born Free, starring Diana Muldaur and Gary Collins as Joy and George Adamson. The series was later followed by television film in 1996 called Born Free: A New Adventure, with Linda Purl and Chris Noth. Joy and George Adamson do not appear as the main characters in the story.

To Walk with Lions (1999) depicts the last years of George Adamson's life, as seen through the eyes of his assistant, Tony Fitzjohn. George is portrayed by Richard Harris, and Honor Blackman makes a brief appearance as Joy.

The one-hour Nature documentary Elsa's Legacy: The Born Free Story was released on PBS stations in January 2011. It includes a collection of archival footage and an exploration into the lives of Joy and George Adamson during the years following release of the film.[10]

gollark: But similar things have been done with smaller GPT-Neo models.
gollark: Indeed.
gollark: OpenAI are very not open.
gollark: I mean, this is clearly that, but you can do it with public stuff.
gollark: Novel code generation from a natural language description is actually possible *now*, with generic language models finetuned on code a lot, but really bad.

See also

References
  1. Champlin, C. (10 October 1966). "Foreman hopes to reverse runaway". Los Angeles Times. ProQuest 155553672.
  2. "Big Rental Pictures of 1966", Variety, 4 January 1967 p 8
  3. Bibliography – BooksFilmsMovies
  4. Time Inc (28 November 1969), "A 'Born Free' Star Is Saved From Freedom", Life, Time Inc, pp. 47, 48
  5. "Born Free". Flixster. Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 18 December 2012.
  6. Canby, Vincent (23 June 1966). "The Screen: Honesty and Humor Make 'Born Free' a Fresh and Moving Film:Biography of Lion Has Documentary Flavor". The New York Times. Retrieved 18 December 2012.
  7. "Most popular star for third time." Times [London, England] 31 December 1966: 5. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 16 Sept. 2013.
  8. "AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs Nominees" (PDF). Retrieved 6 August 2016.
  9. "AFI's 100 Years of Film Scores Nominees" (PDF). Retrieved 6 August 2016.
  10. Ray, Rachel (7 January 2011). "Elsa's Legacy: The Born Free Story, Nature on PBS – US TV review". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 18 December 2012.
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