Bobby Shafto

Robert Shafto (sometimes spelt Shaftoe) (circa 1732 – 24 November 1797) was British politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1760 and 1790. He was the likely subject of a famous North East English folk song and nursery rhyme "Bobby Shafto's Gone to Sea" (Roud #1359).

Robert Shafto
Member of Parliament
for County Durham
In office
1760–1768
Preceded byGeorge Bowes
Succeeded bySir Thomas Clavering
Member of Parliament
for Downton
In office
1780–1790
Preceded byHon. Bartholomew Bouverie
Succeeded byHon. Bartholomew Bouverie

Biography

Robert Shafto was born around 1732[1] the son of John Shafto and his wife Mary Jackson, daughter of Thomas Jackson of Nunnington, Yorkshire at his family seat of Whitworth near Spennymoor in County Durham. He was educated at Westminster School from 1740 to 1749, when he entered Balliol College, Oxford.[2]

He succeeded to the family estates on the death of his father John in 1742.[2] Both his father and uncle Robert Shafto had been Tory Members of Parliament.[3] He continued this tradition, becoming one of the two members for County Durham in 1760, using his nickname "Bonny Bobby Shafto" and the now famous song for electioneering purposes, defeating the Whig Sir Thomas Clavering, with a campaign supported by Thomas Pelham-Holles, Duke of Newcastle, who was the prime minister, Henry Vane, first earl of Darlington, and the bishop of Durham.[2] However, once in parliament he dropped this allegiance, supporting the administrations of John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute and Pitt the elder. He held the County Durham seat for two parliaments until he declined to stand in the election of 1768.[2]

On 18 April 1774 Shafto married Anne Duncombe (died 1783), daughter and heir of Thomas Duncombe of Duncombe Park, Yorkshire, by his marriage to Diana Howard, a daughter of Henry Howard, 4th Earl of Carlisle. Shafto and his wife had three children, John (1775–1802), Robert (1776–1848), and Thomas (born 1777).[4] His wife, Anne, had inherited property in the rotten borough of Downton in Wiltshire and he became one of its two members in 1780.[2] He is known to have supported William Pitt the Younger during the regency crisis of 1788–9[2] and did not seek re-election in 1790. Robert Shafto died on 24 November 1797 and is buried in the Shafto family crypt beneath the floor of Whitworth Church.[5] He was succeeded in his estates by his elder son, John Shafto.[4]

The song
Main article: Bobby Shafto's Gone to Sea

The song is said to relate the story of how he broke the heart of Bridget Belasyse of Brancepeth Castle, County Durham, where his brother Thomas was rector, when he married Anne Duncombe of Duncombe Park in Yorkshire. Bridget Belasyse is said to have died two weeks after hearing the news,[6] although other sources claim that she died a fortnight before the wedding of pulmonary tuberculosis.[5] Even if the song was not composed about him, his supporters almost certainly added a verse for the 1761 elections with the lyrics:

Bobby Shafto's looking out,
All his ribbons flew about,
All the ladies gave a shout,
Hey for Bobby Shafto![7]

Thomas and George Allan, in their Tyneside Songs and Readings (1891), argued that the "Bobby Shafto" of the song was in fact a relative, Robert Shafto (1760–1781) of Benwell.[8] It is likely that his grandson, Robert Duncombe Shafto, also used the song for electioneering in 1861, with several of the later verses being added around this time.[5]

Bobby Shafto has been immortalised by Imperial College School of Medicine Squash Club. It is tradition for all members of the club to claim to be a descendant of the famed politician.

gollark: Then, you just move it a little bit toward lower loss (gradient descent).
gollark: You have a big thing of settable parameters determining how you go from input to output. And if you know what the result *should* be (on training data), then as the maths is all "differentiable", you can differentiate it and get the gradient of loss wrt. all the parameters.
gollark: Well, you put your data into something something linear algebra and something something gradient descent, and answers come out.
gollark: I see. This might be one of the ones which can't boot from those, or you just beeized slightly.
gollark: That's one of the boot errors.

References
  1. The date of his birth appears to be contradictory from a number of sources. Whitworth Hall Archived 29 September 2006 at the Wayback Machine claims it to be 1730, but the majority claim 1732.
  2. Jessica Kilburn, 'Shafto, Robert (c. 1732–1797)' Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004)
  3. North Eastern surnames website, URL accessed 30 September 2006
  4. John Burke, A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Landed Gentry (1837), p. 49
  5. Whitworth Hall history Archived 29 September 2006 at the Wayback Machine, URL accessed 30 September 2006.
  6. Famous North Eastern names Archived 7 September 2006 at the Wayback Machine, URL accessed 30 September 2006
  7. I. Opie and P. Opie, The Oxford Dictionary of Nursery Rhymes (Oxford University Press, 1951, 2nd edn., 1997), pp. 90–1.
  8. Famous North Eastern names Archived 7 September 2006 at the Wayback Machine, giving this opinion. URL accessed 30 September 2006
Parliament of Great Britain
Preceded by
George Bowes
Raby Vane		 Member of Parliament for County Durham
1760–1768
With: Raby Vane to 1761
Hon. Frederick Vane 1760–1768		 Succeeded by
Sir Thomas Clavering, Bt
Hon. Frederick Vane
Preceded by
Bartholomew Bouverie
Sir Philip Hales, Bt		 Member of Parliament for Downton
1780–1790
With: Sir Philip Hales, Bt
Hon. Henry Seymour-Conway
Hon. William Seymour-Conway		 Succeeded by
Bartholomew Bouverie
William Scott

This article is incorrect in that it does not explain the lyric of the song. Bobby ShaftoE was an officer in the Royal Navy around Nelson's time - hence, Bobby Shaftoe's gone to sea - silver buckles on his kneee.... Edited by Christopher F. Shaftoe

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