Blown off course
To be blown off course in the sailing ship era meant be to diverted by unexpected winds, getting lost possibly to shipwreck or to a new destination. In the ancient world, this was especially a great danger before the maturation of the Maritime Silk Road in the Early Middle Ages, finding expression in the writing of Cosmas Indicopleustes.[1] Even in later eras, the ship could attempt to limit its divergence by tacking or heaving to, but it was often difficult to keep track by mere celestial navigation[2] before the invention of the marine chronometer in the late 18th century.[3]
A number of "discoveries" during the Age of Discovery were accidentally found in this way,[4] and the serendipity of being blown off course is also a common trope in fiction. Accidental discovery may have played a larger role than previously acknowledged in early European colonialism in contrast to the idea of a centrally-planned program as by Prince Henry the Navigator, but it is also thought that the Austronesian expansion was more directed and purposeful than once thought.
Historical voyages
- 640 BC: Colaeus
- 116 BC: Eudoxus of Cyzicus
- 62 BC: "Indos quosdem", survivors of an Indian shipwreck in Suebi presented to Quintus Caecilius Metellus Celer, as recorded by Cornelius Nepos and Pomponius Mela
- 50: Rhapta
- 412: Faxian
- 986: Bjarni Herjólfsson
- 999: Leif Erikson
- 1312: Lancelotto Malocello
- 1349: Giovanni de' Marignolli
- 1406: Thorstein Olafsson
- 1418: João Gonçalves Zarco and Tristão Vaz Teixeira
- 1488: Bartolomeu Dias
- 1500: 2nd Portuguese India Armada
- 1505: Lourenço de Almeida
- 1525: Gomes de Sequeira
- 1527: Narváez expedition
- 1535: Fray Tomás de Berlanga
- 1543: António Mota
- 1578: Golden Hind
- 1599: Dirck Gerritsz Pomp
- 1609: Sea Venture
- 1615: Eggert Ólafsson
- 1620: Mayflower
- 1638: Nuestra Señora de la Concepción
- 1654: Jewish arrival in New Amsterdam
- 1675: Anthony de la Roché
- 1707: Scilly naval disaster
- 1770: First voyage of James Cook
- 1815: Arniston
Historical states and lost sailors
- Lê dynasty in Vietnam
- Sakoku in Japan
In popular culture
- Odyssey
- Aeneid
- A True Story
- Sinbad the Sailor
- The Tempest
- Gulliver's Travels
- Wasobyoe
- "MS. Found in a Bottle"
See also
References
- Cobb, Matthew A. (2018-07-26). Rome and the Indian Ocean Trade from Augustus to the Early Third Century CE. BRILL. p. 45. ISBN 9789004376571.
- Kleinhenz, Christopher (2004-08-02). Medieval Italy: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. p. 763. ISBN 9781135948801.
- Sobel, Dava (2010-07-05). Longitude: The True Story of a Lone Genius Who Solved the Greatest Scientific Problem of His Time. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. p. 14. ISBN 9780802779434.
- Thornton, John K. (2012-09-10). A Cultural History of the Atlantic World, 1250-1820. Cambridge University Press. p. 15. ISBN 9780521727341.