Blanche of England

Blanche of England, LG (spring 1392 – 22 May 1409), also known as Blanche of Lancaster, was a member of the House of Lancaster, the daughter of King Henry IV of England by his first wife Mary de Bohun.

Blanche of England
Blanche (middle) with her husband and his second wife Matilda as depicted in 1435
Born	Spring 1392 Peterborough Castle, Northamptonshire
Died	22 May 1409 (aged 17) Haguenau, Alsace
Burial	St Mary's at Neustadt, Electorate of the Palatinate
Spouse	Louis III, Elector Palatine ​ ( m. 1402)
Issue	Rupert
House	Lancaster
Father	Henry IV, King of England
Mother	Mary de Bohun

Family

Born at Peterborough Castle in Cambridgeshire, Blanche was the sixth of the seven children born during the marriage of Henry of Lancaster and his wife Mary de Bohun.[1] At the time of her birth, Henry was only Earl of Derby and, thanks to his marriage, Earl of Northampton and Earl of Hereford; as the only surviving son of John of Gaunt and Blanche of Lancaster, he was the heir of the Duchy of Lancaster. Blanche was named after her paternal grandmother.

Blanche's mother died on 4 June 1394 in Peterborough Castle after giving birth to her last child, Philippa. Five years later, on 13 October, Blanche's father deposed his cousin Richard II and usurped the throne. Three years later in 1402, her father was remarried, to Joanna, daughter of King Charles II of Navarre and widow of Duke John V of Brittany. There were no children of this marriage.

Marriage

The Crown of Princess Blanche, kept at Munich Residenz)

After his accession to the English throne, King Henry IV wanted to make important alliances in order to maintain and legitimise his rule. One needed ally was King Rupert of Germany, who had also ascended following his predecessor's deposition: a marriage between Rupert's eldest surviving son Louis and Henry IV's eldest daughter Blanche was soon arranged.[2]

Blanche's restored tombstone at the church in Neustadt an der Weinstrasse

The marriage contract was signed on 7 March 1401 in London; the bride's dowry was fixed in the amount of 40,000 Nobeln. The formal marriage between Blanche and Louis took place one year later, on 6 July 1402 at Cologne Cathedral, Germany.[1] Blanche's dowry included the oldest surviving royal crown known to have been in England.[3] Despite its political nature, the marriage was said to be happy. Four years later, on 22 Jun 1406 in Heidelberg, Blanche gave birth to a son, called Rupert after his paternal grandfather.

In 1408 Blanche was made Lady of the Garter. One year later, pregnant with her second child, she died of fever in Haguenau, Alsace and was buried in the Church of St. Mary (today St. Aegidius) in Neustadt in the Palatinate.

Her widower became Elector Palatine as Louis III in 1410 after the death of his father King Rupert and in 1417 married Matilda, daughter of Amadeo, Prince of Achaea, member of the House of Savoy, who bore him six children. Blanche's son Rupert (nicknamed the English) died aged nineteen in 1426, unmarried and without issue.

Ancestry

Ancestors of Blanche of England

16. Edward II of England 8. Edward III of England 17. Isabella of France 4. John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster 18. William I, Count of Hainaut 9. Philippa of Hainault 19. Joan of Valois 2. Henry IV of England 20. Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster 10. Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster 21. Maud Chaworth 5. Blanche of Lancaster 22. Henry de Beaumont, 4th Earl of Buchan 11. Isabel of Beaumont 23. Alice Comyn 1. Blanche of England 24. Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford 12. William de Bohun, 1st Earl of Northampton 25. Elizabeth of Rhuddlan 6. Humphrey de Bohun, 7th Earl of Hereford 26. Bartholomew de Badlesmere, 1st Baron Badlesmere 13. Elizabeth de Badlesmere 27. Margaret de Clare 3. Mary de Bohun 28. Edmund FitzAlan, 9th Earl of Arundel 14. Richard FitzAlan, 10th Earl of Arundel 29. Alice de Warenne 7. Joan FitzAlan 30. Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster (= 20) 15. Eleanor of Lancaster 31. Maud Chaworth (= 21)

References

1. Panton 2011, p. 74.
2. Harriss 2005, p. 427.
3. Ogden 2018, p. 73.

Sources

• Harriss, Gerald (2005). Shaping the Nation: England 1360-1461. Oxford University Press.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Ogden, Jack (2018). Diamonds: An Early History of the King of Gems. Yale University Press.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Panton, Kenneth J. (2011). Historical Dictionary of the British Monarchy. Scarecrow Press.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Walther Holtzmann: Die englische Heirat Pfalzgraf Ludwigs III., in: Zeitschrift für die Geschichte des Oberrheins No 43 (1930), pp. 1–22.
• The English Marriage of Elector Palatine Louis III (dead link)
• The Crown of Princess Blanka in the Munich Treasury Residence