Bittium

Bittium is a genus of very small sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Cerithiidae, the horn snails.[2]

For the Finnish IT company, see Bittium (company).

Bittium
Drawing from Hartling 1886, two views of a shell of Bittium reticulatum
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Clade: Caenogastropoda
Clade: Sorbeoconcha
Superfamily: Cerithioidea
Family: Cerithiidae
Genus: Bittium
Leach in Gray, 1847[1]
Type species
Strombiformis reticulatus
da Costa, 1778
Synonyms[2]
  • Bittium (Bittium) Gray, 1847· accepted, alternate representation
  • Bittium (Brachybittium) Weisbord, 1962· accepted, alternate representation
  • Bittium (Rasbittium) Gründel, 1976 (junior objective synonym of Manobittium)
  • Cerithiolum Tiberi, 1869 (junior objective synonym of Bittium)
  • Cerithium (Bittium) Gray, 1847
  • Dahlakia Biggs, 1971
  • Inobittium Monterosato, 1917
  • Manobittium Monterosato, 1917

Distribution

This genus is found worldwide.

Description

Species

Species in the genus Bittium include:[3]

  • Bittium aedonium (Watson, 1880)[4]
  • Bittium afrum
  • Bittium alabastrulum (Mörch, 1876) (nomen dubium)
  • Bittium amboynense (Watson, 1881)
  • Bittium anembatum (Melvill, 1904)
  • Bittium aquaticum
  • Bittium arenaense Hertlein & Strong, 1951[5]
  • Bittium armillatum (Carpenter, 1864)[5]
  • Bittium arnoldi Bartsch, 1911
  • Bittium atramentarium Melvill & Standen, 1901
  • Bittium bandatum Bozzetti, 2019
  • Bittium bartolomense Bartsch, 1917[5]
  • Bittium batillarium Kuroda & Habe, 1971
  • Bittium caraboboense (Weisbord, 1962) (nomen dubium)
  • Bittium casmaliense Bartsch, 1911
  • Bittium cerithium
  • Bittium cerralvoense Bartsch, 1911[5]
  • Bittium challisae Bartsch, 1917[5]
  • Bittium chrysomallum Melvill, 1901
  • Bittium circa Moreno, 2006
  • Bittium clathratalum
  • † Bittium courtillerianum (Millet, 1865)
  • † Bittium crassicostatum (Etheridge & Bell, 1898)
  • † Bittium crassum Landau, Ceulemans & Van Dingenen, 2018
  • Bittium decussatum (Carpenter, 1857)
  • Bittium delicatum (Watson, 1880)[6]
  • Bittium depauperatum (Watson, 1880)
  • Bittium diminutivum (Philippi, 1845)
  • Bittium dumblei
  • Bittium editum (Powell, 1930)
  • Bittium elegantissimum (Hedley, 1899)[7]
  • † Bittium eniwetokense Ladd, 1972
  • Bittium exiguum
  • Bittium fastigiatum Carpenter, 1864[5]
  • Bittium filosum
  • Bittium fretense
  • Bittium galactis Mörch, 1876 (nomen dubium)
  • † Bittium gallicum Landau, Ceulemans & Van Dingenen, 2018
  • Bittium giganteum Bartsch, 1911
  • Bittium glareosum Gould, 1861
  • † Bittium gliberti Van Dingenen, Ceulemans & Landau, 2016
  • Bittium hartbergense
  • Bittium hawaiiensis
  • Bittium impendens (Hedley, 1899)
  • Bittium incile Watson, 1897
  • Bittium inornatum Bartsch, 1911[5]
  • Bittium insulsum Preston, 1908
  • Bittium koeneni
  • Bittium lacteum (Philippi, 1836)
  • Bittium laevicordatum (Powell, 1937)
  • † Bittium larrieyense Vignal, 1911
  • Bittium latreillii (Payraudeau, 1826)
  • Bittium lima (Bruguière, 1792) (nomen dubium)
  • † Bittium lozoueti Van Dingenen, Ceulemans & Landau, 2016
  • Bittium lusciniae (Watson, 1880)[8]
  • Bittium mexicanum Bartsch, 1911[5]
  • Bittium midwayense Kosuge, 1979
  • Bittium multiliratum
  • Bittium nanum (Mayer, 1864)
  • Bittium nicholsi Bartsch, 1911[5]
  • Bittium nitens Carpenter, 1864
  • Bittium ornatissimum Bartsch, 1911
  • Bittium paleonotum
  • Bittium paludosum
  • Bittium panamense Bartsch, 1911
  • Bittium peruvianum (d'Orbigny, 1841)
  • Bittium philomelae (Watson, 1880)[9]
  • Bittium pigrum (Watson, 1880)[10]
  • † Bittium pingue Landau, Ceulemans & Van Dingenen, 2018
  • Bittium porcellanum Watson, 1886
  • Bittium proteum (Jousseaume, 1930)
  • Bittium pupiforme (Watson, 1880)
  • Bittium quadricinctum E. A. Smith, 1903
  • † Bittium renauleauense Landau, Ceulemans & Van Dingenen, 2018
  • Bittium reticulatum (da Costa, 1778)[5] –
  • Bittium rubanocinctum
  • Bittium russiensis
  • Bittium salinae
  • Bittium sanjuanense Bartsch, 1917[5]
  • Bittium santamariense Bartsch, 1917[5]
  • Bittium scalatum
  • Bittium semigranosum
  • Bittium semigranulosum''
  • Bittium serra Bartsch, 1917[5]
  • Bittium simplex (Jeffreys, 1867)
  • Bittium spina
  • Bittium stigmosum
  • Bittium submamillatum (Jeffreys, 1867)
  • † Bittium sublima (d'Orbigny, 1852)
  • Bittium tenuispina
  • Bittium terebelloides
  • † Bittium transenna (Bayan, 1873)
  • Bittium tumidum Bartsch, 1907[5]
  • Bittium turritella
  • Bittium vancouverense Dall & Bartsch, 1910[5]
  • † Bittium venustulum (Millet, 1865)
  • † Bittium vignali Dollfus, 1909
  • Bittium watsoni (Jeffreys, 1885)
  • Bittium xanthum Watson, 1886

Species brought into synonymy:

  • Bittium adamsi Dall, 1889: synonym of Finella adamsi (Dall, 1889)
  • Bittium alternatum (Say, 1822)[5] and Bittium nigrum (Totten, 1834) are synonyms of Bittiolum alternatum (Say, 1822)[11]
  • Bittium asperum Gabb, 1861: synonym of Lirobittium asperum (Gabb, 1861)
  • Bittium attenuatum Carpenter, 1864 – slender cerith:[5] synonym of Lirobittium attenuatum (Carpenter, 1864)
  • Bittium boeticum (Pease, 1860) and Bittium pusillum (Gould, 1851) are synonyms of Cerithium boeticum Pease, 1860[12]
  • Bittium catalinense Bartsch, 1907:[5] synonym of Lirobittium purpureum (Carpenter, 1864)
  • Bittium cinctum Hutton, 1885: synonym of Seila cincta (Hutton, 1886)
  • † Bittium cossmanni: synonym of † Hemicerithium cossmanni (Dall, 1892)
  • Bittium diplax Watson, 1886 is a synonym of Cerithidium diplax (Watson, 1886)[13]
  • Bittium eschrichti (Middendorff, 1849): synonym of Neostylidium eschrichtii (Middendorff, 1849)
  • Bittium estuarinumTate, 1893: synonym of Zeacumantus plumbeus (G. B. Sowerby II, 1855)
  • Bittium exile (Hutton, 1873): synonym of Zebittium exile (Hutton, 1873)
  • Bittium fetellum Bartsch, 1911:[5] synonym of Lirobittium fetellum (Bartsch, 1911) (original combination)
  • Bittium furvum Watson, 1886 : synonym of Cacozeliana furva (Watson, 1886)
  • Bittium fuscocapitulum Hedley & Petterd, 1906 : synonym of Cacozeliana fuscocapitulum (Hedley & Petterd, 1906)
  • Bittium granarium (Kiener, 1842) is a synonym of Cacozeliana granarium (Kiener, 1842)[14]
  • Bittium hiloense: synonym of Bittinella hiloensis (Pilsbry & Vanatta, 1908)
  • Bittium houbricki Ponder, 1993 : synonym of Ittibittium houbricki (Ponder, 1993)
  • Bittium icarus (Bayle, 1880) : synonym of Cacozeliana icarus (Bayle, 1880)
  • Bittium interfossa (Carpenter, 1864):[5] synonym of Lirobittium interfossa (Carpenter, 1864)
  • Bittium jadertinum Brusina, 1865: synonym of Bittium reticulatum (da Costa, 1778)
  • Bittium johnstonae Bartsch, 1911:[5] synonym of Lirobittium johnstonae (Bartsch, 1911) (original combination)
  • Bittium larum Bartsch, 1911:[5] synonym of Lirobittium larum (Bartsch, 1911) (original combination)
  • Bittium lawleyanum Crosse, 1863: synonym of Zeacumantus plumbeus (G. B. Sowerby II, 1855)
  • Bittium leucocephalum Watson, 1886 : synonym of Argyropeza leucocephala (Watson, 1886)
  • Bittium minutulum: synonym of Batillariella minutula (Thiele, 1930) (original combination)
  • Bittium munitum (Carpenter, 1864):[5] synonym of Lirobittium munitum (Carpenter, 1864)
  • Bittium oldroydae Bartsch, 1911:[5] synonym of Lirobittium oldroydae (Bartsch, 1911) (original combination)
  • Bittium oryza (Mörch, 1876) : synonym of Ittibittium oryza (Mörch, 1876)
  • Bittium paganicum (Dall, 1919):[5] synonym of Lirobittium paganicum (Dall, 1919)
  • Bittium parcum Gould, 1861 is a synonym of Ittibittium parcum (Gould, 1861)[15]
  • Bittium perparvulum Watson, 1886[5] is a synonym of Cerithidium perparvulum (Watson, 1886)[16]
  • Bittium perpusillum Tryon, 1887 : synonym of Cerithium alutaceum (Gould, 1861)
  • Bittium plumbeum: synonym of Zeacumantus plumbeus (G. B. Sowerby II, 1855)
  • Bittium quadrifilatum Carpenter, 1864 – four-thread cerith:[5] synonym of Lirobittium quadrifilatum (Carpenter, 1864) (original combination)
  • Bittium scabrum (Olivi, 1792) : synonym of Bittium reticulatum (da Costa, 1778)
  • Bittium seymourianum Strebel, 1908: synonym of Cerithiella seymouriana (Strebel, 1908) (original combination)
  • Bittium subplanatum Bartsch, 1911:[5] synonym of Lirobittium rugatum (Carpenter, 1864)
  • Bittium torresiense Melvill & Standen, 1899 : synonym of Bittium elegantissimum (Hedley, 1899)
  • Bittium variegatum Henn & Brazier, 1894 : synonym of Cacozeliana variegatum (Henn & Brazier, 1894)
  • Bittium varium (Pfeiffer, 1840) – grass cerith[5] is a synonym of Bittiolum varium (Pfeiffer, 1840)[17]
  • Bittium zebrum (Kiener, 1841) is a synonym of Cerithium zebrum Kiener, 1841[18]
gollark: Must be a bug.
gollark: It's the default one. Which is... technically a shell.
gollark: Well, potatOS provides a shell, and `/potatOS` is the directory the user is sandboxed in.
gollark: Yes.
gollark: It does cause problems if you have a partial install.

See also

References
  1. Leach (1847). Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 20: 270.
  2. Gofas, S. (2011). Bittium Leach in Gray, 1847. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=137758 on 8 February 2011
  3. ZipCodeZoo
  4. WoRMS (2010). Bittium aedonium (Watson, 1880). In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=473064 on 13 January 2011
  5. "Bittium". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. accessed 13 January 2011.
  6. WoRMS (2010). Bittium delicatum (Watson, 1880). In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=473067 on 13 January 2011
  7. WoRMS (2010). Bittium elegantissimum. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=473063 on 13 January 2011
  8. WoRMS (2010). Bittium lusciniae (Watson, 1880). In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=473070 on 13 January 2011
  9. WoRMS (2010). Bittium philomelae (Watson, 1880). In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=473071 on 13 January 2011
  10. WoRMS (2010). Bittium pigrum (Watson, 1880). In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=473079 on 13 January 2011
  11. Rosenberg, G. (2010). Bittiolum alternatum (Say, 1822). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=160172 on 13 January 2011
  12. WoRMS (2010). Cerithium boeticum. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=473096 on 13 January 2011
  13. Gofas, S. (2010). Cerithidium diplax (Watson, 1886). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=397036 on 13 January 2011
  14. WoRMS (2010). Cacozeliana granarium (Kiener, 1842). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=473085 on 13 January 2011
  15. WoRMS (2010). Ittibittium parcum (Gould, 1861). In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=473137 on 13 January 2011
  16. Gofas, S. (2010). Cerithidium perparvulum (Watson, 1886). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=397037 on 13 January 2011
  17. Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010). Bittiolum varium (Pfeiffer, 1840). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=160174 on 13 January 2011
  18. WoRMS (2010). Cerithium zebrum Kiener, 1841. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=216673 on 13 January 2011
  • Biggs H.E. (1971). On a proposed new genus of cerithid mollusca from the Dahlak islands, Red Sea. Journal of Conchology 27: 221–223, pl. 7
  • Gründel J. (1976). Zur Taxonomie und Phylogenie der Bittium-Gruppe. Malakologische Abhandlungen 5(3): 33–59
  • Houbrick R. (1978). Redescription of Bittium proteum (Jousseaume, 1930) with comments on its generic placements. The Nautilus 92 (1): 9–11
  • Vaught, K.C. (1989). A classification of the living Mollusca. American Malacologists: Melbourne, FL (USA). ISBN 0-915826-22-4. XII, 195 pp
  • Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 180–213

Further reading

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