Binondo Church

Binondo Church, also known as the Minor Basilica of the National Shrine of Saint Lorenzo Ruiz and formerly known as Our Lady of the Most Holy Rosary Parish (Spanish: Basílica Menor de San Lorenzo Ruiz y Parroquia de Nuestra Señora del Santísimo Rosario), is located in the District of Binondo, Manila fronting Plaza San Lorenzo Ruiz, in the Philippines. This church was founded by Dominican priests in 1596[1] to serve their Chinese converts to Christianity.[2] The original building was destroyed in 1762 by British bombardment. A new granite church was completed on the same site in 1852 however it was greatly damaged during the Second World War, with only the western façade and the octagonal belfry surviving.

Minor Basilica of the National Shrine of Saint Lorenzo Ruiz Basílica Menor y Santuario Nacional de San Lorenzo Ruiz (Binondo Church)
Religion
Affiliation	Catholic
Ecclesiastical or organizational status	Archdiocese
Year consecrated	(as Minor Basilica) 1596
Location
Location	Binondo, Manila, Philippines
Architecture
Type	Church

Saint Lorenzo Ruiz, who was born of a Chinese father and a Filipino mother, trained in this church and afterwards went as a missionary to Japan, where he and his companions were martyred for refusing to renounce Christianity. Lorenzo is the Philippines' first saint, and was canonized by Pope John Paul II in 1987. A large statue of the saint stands in front of the church.

Masses are held in Filipino, Mandarin, Hokkien, and English. At present, the parish priest and rector is Rev. Fr. Andy O. Lim.

Historical background

Parish church of the barrio of Binondo in 1868

Even before the arrival of the Spanish to the Philippines there was already a community of Chinese traders living in Manila. The population of Chinese traders increased with the advent of Spanish colonization of the Philippines, due to increased trade between the islands. The upsurge in their population prompted the Catholic Missionaries to manage the conversion of the Chinese population to the Christian faith.[3]

In 1596, Dominican priests founded Binondo church to serve their Chinese converts to Christianity as well as to the native Filipinos.

Architecture

It was built by the Dominicans. Founded in 1596, a church had been constructed before 1614. When transferred to its present site in the 18th century, a new church was built to accommodate new churchgoers. In 1778, the roof was replaced with nipa as the wood was destroyed by termites. In 1863, the church was slightly damaged by earthquake.[4] The original structure has sustained damages during wars[5] and various natural disasters.[6]

Domingo Cruz y Gonzales supervised the construction of the dome in 1781.

The current granite church was completed on the same site in 1852 and features an octagonal pagoda-like bell tower which suggests the Chinese culture of the parishioners. The church was burned during the British invasion of 1762. Another one was quickly built following the occupation. Improvements were made in the 18th century but the edifice was again destroyed in the 1863 earthquake. It was rebuilt in the grandeur the remains on which we see today. Before the war, it was considered as one of the most beautiful churches in the country. Its bell tower was composed of five stories, octagonal in shape. At its top was a mirador (viewing window). This roof was destroyed during the 1863 earthquake.

American bombing on September 22, 1944 destroyed the structure. Everything including the archives of the parish were burned. Nothing was left behind except the stone walls of the church and the fire-tiered octagonal belltower. After the war, Binondo parishioners had to make do with a roofless church for several years until it was rebuilt in the 1950s.

The roof behind the pediment and the walls at the left of the facade are additions in the past years. The original facade, with some few renovations, is similar to that of the Italian High Renaissance churches. The facade is buttressed on the sides by pilaster mass terminated by urn-like decorations. A tower is found at the apex of the pediment. At the base of the pediment, along its central axis, is a small circular window framed by smaller columns and pediment which are framed by a foliated scroll. At the right is the huge, octagonal tower characterized by cantons at its angles and pedimented window openings.[4]

The present church and convent was renovated between 1946 and 1971.

Trivia

• The altar of the church is loosely modeled after the St. Peter's Basilica in Vatican City.
• Binondo Church has been reconstructed many times due to natural calamities and only the Bell Tower is what remained of the original 16th century structure, it has retained the classic architecture that makes the place a wondrous sight for the most unforgettable occasion.
• Andrés Bonifacio and Gregoria de Jesús were married through a Catholic ceremony in Binondo Church in March 1893 or 1894.

Gallery

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  Statue East Side.
• 
  Ceiling of Binondo Church.
• 
  View of the dome of Binondo Church.
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  Sidewalk adjacent to Binondo Church side.
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  False window at the belfry of Binondo Church.
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  Main facade of the Binondo Church.
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  Marker in Binondo Church located in front of the building.
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  Sculptures on the facade of Binondo Church.
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  Inside the Binondo Church.
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  Binondo Church apse with the altar.
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  Painting at the ceiling of Binondo Church.
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  Choir loft of the Binondo Church.
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  Altar inside the Binondo Church.
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  Arches, pendentives and dome in Binondo Church.
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  Dome and pendentives in Binondo Church.

References

1. Philippines, p. 81, at Google Books
2. The Propaganda Movement, 1880–1895: The Creation of a Filipino Consciousness, the Making of the Revolution, p. 110, at Google Books
3. The Encyclopedia of the Spanish-American and Philippine-American Wars: A Political, Social, and Military History, p. 489, at Google Books
4. Alarcon, Norma (1991). Philippine Architecture During Pre-Spanish and Spanish Periods. Manila: Santo Tomas University Press. ISBN 971-506-040-4.
5. Rosario de Guzman Lingat, 1924–1997: The Burden of Self and History, p. 39, at Google Books
6. Natural Disasters, p. 85, at Google Books