Bijago language

Bijago or Bidyogo is the language of the Bissagos Archipelago of Guinea-Bissau. There are some difficulties of grammar and intelligibility between dialects, with the Kamona dialect being unintelligible to the others.

Bijago
Native toGuinea-Bissau
RegionOffshore Bissagos Islands
Native speakers
33,400 (2016)[1]
Dialects
  • Kagbaaga
  • Kajoko (Orango)
  • Anhaqui (Anhaki)
  • Kamona
Language codes
ISO 639-3bjg
Glottologbijo1239[2]

Dialects are as follows:

  • Anhaki on Canhabaque (Roxa) Island
  • Kagbaaga on Bubaque Island
  • Kajoko on Orango and Uno Islands.
  • Kamona on the northern Caravela and Carache Islands

Characteristics

The Kajoko dialect is one of the few in the world known to use a linguolabial consonant, the voiced stop [d̼], in its basic sound system (Olson et al. 2009).

Classification

Bijago is highly divergent. Sapir (1971) classified it as an isolate within the West Atlantic family. However, Segerer showed that this is primarily due to unrecognized sound changes, and that Bijago is in fact close to the Bak languages. For example, the following cognates in Bijago and Joola Kasa (a Bak language) are completely regular, but had not previously been identified (Segerer 2010):

GlossBijagoJoola Kasa
head bufu-kow
eye nɛji-cil
gollark: `.` is multiplication so `5.0` is 0.
gollark: \t and \x01 and whatever style Unicode escapes are valid everywhere, not just strings.
gollark: Actually, CBOR literals.
gollark: Vowels are ignored when comparing symbol names. The float type is replaced with a ratio of two decimals. Macros but they require you to rewrite the block of code they're used in as lisp syntax. JSON literals.
gollark: Maybe… even weaker types? Integer types with crazier names and also u24s and stuff for some reason? Do operator overloading to a stupid degree in the stdlib?

See also

References
  1. "Bidyogo". Ethnologue. Retrieved 2018-08-11.
  2. Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Bijogo". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  • Olson, Kenneth S., D. William Reiman, Fernando Sabio & Filipe Alberto da Silva. 2009. The voiced linguolabial plosive in Kajoko. Chicago Linguistic Society (CLS) 45(1), 519-530.
  • Segerer, Guillaume. La langue bijogo. Oxford : Pergamon Press, 1997.
  • Segerer, Guillaume. Lʼorigine des Bijogo : hypothèses de linguiste. In Gaillard, Gérald (Ed), Migrations anciennes et peuplement actuel des Côtes guinéennes, Paris : LʼHarmattan, 2000, pp. 183–191
  • Segerer, Guillaume. La langue bijogo de Bubaque (Guinée Bissau). Louvain, Paris : Editions Peeters, 2002. 310 pp.
  • Guillaume Segerer & Florian Lionnet 2010. "'Isolates' in 'Atlantic'". Language Isolates in Africa workshop, Lyon, Dec. 4
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