Bickford Formation

Bickford Formation
Stratigraphic range: Valanginian
Bickford Formation; Stratigraphic range: Valanginian
Type	Formation
Unit of	Minnes Group
Underlies	Cadomin Formation
Overlies	Monach Formation
Thickness	maximum 400 m (1,310 ft)
Lithology
Primary	Sandstone
Other	Siltstone, mudstone, coal
Location
Coordinates	56.6166°N 122.4333°W
Region	British Columbia
Country	Canada
Extent	Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin
Type section
Named for	Mount Bickford
Named by	D.F. Stott, 1981[1]
	Bickford Formation (Canada)

The Bickford Formation is a geologic formation of Early Cretaceous (Valanginian) age in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin that consists primarily of nonmarine sediments. It is present in the northern foothills of the Canadian Rockies in northeastern British Columbia.[2][3][4]

Lithology

The Bickford Formation consists of carbonaceous mudstone, shale, siltstone, sandstone, and thin coal seams. The sandstones are typically fine-grained, brown, finely laminated, cross-bedded, and thin bedded to flaggy. Some are extremely finely laminated, black, carbonaceous, limonitic, and weather to an orange-brown color. The interbedded shales and mudstones are dark olive brown to black and commonly carbonaceous. Coal seams are typically thin, although some may reach thicknesses of a few meters locally.[2][4]

Environment of deposition

The Bickford Formation was deposited in nonmarine environments adjacent to the Western Interior Seaway. Depositional settings include deltaic, coastal plain, floodplain, and swamp environments.[2]

Paleontology

Species of the bivalve Buchia and a variety of palynomorphs and microfossils have been described from the Bickford Creek Formation.[2]

Thickness and distribution

The Bickford Formation is present in the foothills of the Canadian Rockies in northeastern British Columbia. It extends from the Halfway River in the north to the Sukunka River in the south where it grades into the Gorman Creek Formation. It reaches a maximum thickness of about 400 m (1,310 ft) in the foothills between the Peace and Pine rivers, and thins to toward the east where it was eroded prior to the deposition of theoverlying Cadomin Formation.[2][4]

Relationship to other units

The Bickford Formation forms the upper part of the Minnes Group. It conformably overlies the Monach Formation and is unconformably overlain by the Cadomin Formation. To the south it grades into the upper part of the Gorman Creek Formation. Equivalent beds are not present in the plains to the east.[2][4]

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References

Stott, D.F. 1981. Bickford and Gorman Creek, two new formations of the Jurassic-Cretaceous Minnes Group, Alberta and British Columbia. In: Current Research, Part B, Geological Survey of Canada, Paper 81-1B, p. 1-9.
Stott, D.F. 1998. Fernie Formation and Minnes Group (Jurassic and lowermost Cretaceous), northern Rocky Mountain foothills, Alberta and British Columbia. Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin 516.
Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists and Alberta Geological Survey (1994). "The Geological Atlas of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin, Chapter 18: Jurassic and Lowermost Cretaceous strata of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin". Compiled by Mossop, G.D. and Shetsen, I. Archived from the original on 2016-07-01. Retrieved 2016-06-20.
Glass, D.J. (editor) 1997. Lexicon of Canadian Stratigraphy, vol. 4, Western Canada including eastern British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan and southern Manitoba. Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, Calgary, 1423 p. on CD-ROM. ISBN 0-920230-23-7.