Biblidinae

Biblidinae is the name for a subfamily of nymphalid butterflies that includes the tropical brushfoots. This subfamily was sometimes merged within the Limenitidinae, but they are now recognized as quite distinct lineages. In older literature, this subfamily is sometimes called Eurytelinae.

Biblidinae
Myscelia cyaniris: Epicaliini
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Nymphalidae
Subfamily: Biblidinae
Boisduval, 1833
Tribes

Ageroniini
Biblidini
Callicorini
Epicaliini
Epiphilini
Eubagini

Synonyms

Eurytelinae

Red rim (Biblis hyperia: Biblidini)
Byblia ilithyia
Panacea procilla: Ageroniini specimen underside
Dynamine athemon: Eubagini
Diaethria clymena, one of the eighty-eights formerly in "Catagramma" (now Callicorini)

As of 2008, some 340 valid species are in this subfamily, placed in 38 genera. Most species of Biblidinae are Neotropical, but there are some Old World species and genera in the tribes Biblidini and Epicaliini.

Systematics

The Biblidinae are a taxonomically stable monophyletic group, at least since the "wastebin genus" Catagramma was dismantled around 1950. Six tribes are recognized, and the monophyly of them all is likewise well supported; radical changes in taxonomy and systematics are not expected in this subfamily. The sister group to the Biblidinae is probably the Apaturinae and/or Nymphalinae.

The tribes, in the presumed phylogenetic sequence and with notable genera also listed here, are:

Biblidini Boisduval, 1833

  • Biblis Fabricius, 1807 (= Zonaga)
  • Ariadne Horsfield, 1829 (= Ergolis)
  • Laringa Moore, 1901
  • Eurytela Boisduval, 1833
  • Neptidopsis Aurivillius, 1898
  • Mesoxantha Aurivillius, 1898
  • Byblia Hübner, 1819 (= Hypanis Boisduval, 1833 (non Pander in Menetries, 1832: preoccupied))
  • Mestra Hübner, 1825 (= Cystineura)
  • Archimestra Munroe, 1949
  • Vila Kirby, 1871 (= Lonia, Neptis Hübner, 1819 (non Fabricius, 1807: preoccupied), Olina Doubleday, 1848 (non Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830: preoccupied))

Epicaliini Guenée, 1865

Ageroniini Doubleday, 1847

  • Hamadryas – cracker butterflies, calico butterflies
  • Ectima Doubleday, 1848
  • Panacea Godman & Salvin, 1883 (= Pandora Doubleday, 1848 (non Lamarck, 1799: preoccupied))
  • Batesia Felder & Felder, 1862

Epiphilini Jenkins, 1987

  • Asterope Hübner, [1819]
  • Pyrrhogyra Hübner, 1819 (= Corybas)
  • Epiphile Doubleday, 1844
  • Lucinia Hübner, 1823 (= Autodea)
  • Bolboneura Godman & Salvin, 1877
  • Temenis Hübner, 1819 (= Callicorina, Paromia Hewitson, 1861 (non Westwood, 1851: preoccupied))
  • Nica Hübner, 1826 (= Pseudonica)
  • Peria Kirby, 1871 (= Pelia Doubleday, 1849 (non Bell, 1836: preoccupied))

Eubagini Burmeister, 1878

  • Dynamine Hübner, 1819 (= Arisba, Eubagis, Sironia)

Callicorini Orfila, 1952 – eighty-eights and relatives

gollark: > just rewrite potatOS actuallyno.
gollark: It implements virtual files in a very hacky and not good way, and that is causing problems with my new feature.
gollark: I ran into some issues and now I'm seriously thinking about rewriting the potatOS sandboxing stuff.
gollark: I guess it doesn't matter much for my security model as it's only verifying signatures, but hmm.
gollark: Hmm, the existing ECC stuff which exists *isn't* constant-time? I suppose it does seem to have a decent amount of conditionals in it.

References
  • Hill, R. I., Penz, C. M., & DeVries, P. J. (2002). Phylogenetic analysis and review of Panacea and Batesia butterflies (Nymphalidae). Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society, 56, 199-215.
  • Jenkins, D. W. (1983). Neotropical Nymphalidae. I. Revision of Hamadryas. Bulletin of the Allyn Museum, 81, 1-146.
  • Jenkins, D. W. (1984). Neotropical Nymphalidae. II. Revision of Myscelia. Bulletin of the Allyn Museum (Gainesville), 87, 1-64.
  • Jenkins, D. W. (1985). Neotropical Nymphalidae. III. Revision of Catonephele. Bulletin of the Allyn Museum of Entomology, 92, 1-65.
  • Jenkins, D. W. (1985). Neotropical Nymphalidae. IV. Revision of Ectima. Bulletin of the Allyn Museum (Gainesville), 95, 1-30.
  • Jenkins, D. W. (1986). Neotropical Nymphalidae. V. Revision of Epiphile. Bulletin of the Allyn Museum (Gainesville), 101, 1-70.
  • Jenkins, D. W. (1987). Neotropical Nymphalidae. VI. Revision of Asterope (=Callithea Auct.). Bulletin of the Allyn Museum of Entomology, 114, 1-66.
  • Jenkins, D. W. (1989). Neotropical Nymphalidae. VII. Revision of Nessaea. Bulletin of the Allyn Museum (Gainesville), 125, 1-38.
  • Jenkins, D. W. (1990). Neotropical Nymphalidae. VIII. Revision of Eunica. Bulletin of the Allyn Museum, 131, 1-177.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.