Bhoopali

Bhoopali, also known as Bhoop, Bhopali or Bhupali, is a Hindustani classical raga. It is a pentatonic scale (uses 5 notes in ascending and descending scale). Most of the songs in this raga are based on Bhakti rasa. Since it uses 5 notes, belongs to the "Audav jaati" of ragas.

Bhoopali
ThaatKalyan
TypeAudava
Time of dayEarly night, 9–12
ArohanaS R G P D S'
AvarohanaS' D P G R S
Pakad
  • S R G R S D1 S R G
  • S R G R S D1 S R G P G D P G R S
  • G R P G G R S R D1 S
  • G R S D1 S R G R P G D P G R S
Chalan
  • S R G R S D1 S R G
  • S R G R S D1 P1
  • P1 D1 S R G R G
  • S R P G
  • G R S R G P
  • G P D P D D S’
  • P G P D P D S’ R’ G’ R’ G’
  • G’ R’ S’ D P G R S
VadiG
SamavadiD
Synonym
  • Bhup
  • Bhup Kalyan
EquivalentMohanam
For the demonym, see Bhopal. For other uses, see Bhopali (disambiguation).
Hindustani classical music
Concepts
Genres
Thaats

The same raga in Carnatic music is known as Mohanam.

Raga Bhoopali, Raga Yaman and Raga Bhairav tend to be the three basic ragas of Hindustani music, learnt first by its students.[1]

Theory

Karhade (2011) explains that raga Bhopali consists of just 5 notes - सा रे ग प ध (sa, re, ga, pa and dha).[2] It does not use Ma (also called Madhyam) and Ni (also called Nishadh).[2] It is said that the absence of Ni (representative of physical pleasure) and Ma (representative of loving) means this raga is about non-attachment.[3]

The Introduction consists of two parts - Aaroh आरोह (where the notes are simply recited on an ascending scale) and Avaroha (where the notes are simply recited on a descending order)[2]

Thereafter, with these same five notes, different combinations are made by the singer, similar to short phrases, also called "chalan".[2]

Aroha & Avaroha

The scale of Bhopali uses only Shuddh swaras.

  • Aroha (ascent): Sa Re Ga Pa Dha Sa'
  • Avaroha (descent): Sa'! Dha Pa Ga Re Sa

Vadi & Samavadi
  • Vadi

Gandhar - ga

Dhaivat - Dha

Alap[4]
  1. S, D1 D1...S, R - - S...D1 S..., D1 - - - P1, S - - - D1 S - - D1 P1, P1 D1, D1 D1 S

Pakad & Chalan

The Pakad (catchphrase that often helps in identifying a raga) is:

S R G R S D1 S R G

or:

S R G R S D1 S R G P G D P G R S

or:

G R P G G R S R D1 S

or:

G R S D1 S R G R P G D P G R S

Some chalans (elaborations of the pakad) are:

  1. S R G R S D1 S R G
  2. S R G R S D1 P1
  3. P1 D1 S R G R G
  4. S R P G
  5. G R S R G P
  6. G P D P D D S’
  7. P G P D P D S’ R’ G’ R’ G’
  8. G’ R’ S’ D P G R S

Note: Normally written swaras (individual notes) indicate the middle octave. A swara immediately followed by 1 indicates the mandra saptak (lower octave) and ' indicates the taar saptak (higher octave

A few movements in Bhopali are important to note. There is typically a slide when descending between Sa and Dha, as well as between Pa and Ga. These slides parallel each other and can be used to create a symmetry about how the Swaras are developed. Also, many performers will bring out the Kalyan flavor of Bhopali by using abhasi of the notes Shuddha Ni and Tivra Ma. That is to say, these notes are only vaguely suggested in passing ornaments, not actually sung for long enough for the Swara to become a clear part of the Raga. Some examples would be:

(N1)D1 S

P(m)P(m) D P

where the notes in parenthesis are connected by slides or sung as meend.

Bandish

This bandish is bound with Teentaal (16 beats).

1 2 3 4 | 5 6 7 8 | 9 10 11 12 | 13 14 15 16 |

Asthayi:

D S D2 P | G2 R2 S R2 |

G2 _ G2 P | G2 R2 S _ |

S R2 G2 P | R2 G2 P D2 |

G2 P D2 P | G2 R2 S _ |

Antara:

G2 _ G2 G2 |P _ D2 P |

S' _ S' S' |D3 R3 S' _|

G3 G3 R3 S'|R3 R3 S' D3|

S' _ D2 P |G2 R2 S _|

The Asthayi starts with the 9th beat.

Organisation & relationships

Raga Bhoopali belongs to the Kalyan Thaat.

Related ragas: Deshkar (a pentatonic raga belonging to the Bilawal Thaat with the same scale as Bhoopali). Shuddha Kalyan is another similar raga.

Samay (Time)

First part of night.(9pm to 12pm)

Rasa

Bhakti Rasa (Devotional)

The essence from the raga evokes the Shanti Rasa - peaceful and calming.[4]

Film Songs based on Bhoopali

Bhoopali is a popular raga used in Indian folk songs, and thus in Hindi and other regional film songs.[2]

Hindi:

Tamil Film Songs
Song Movie Author Composer Singer
Giridhara Gopala Meera S. V. Venkatraman M. S. Subbulakshmi
Malargal Nanaindhana Idhaya Kamalam Kannadasan K. V. Mahadevan P. Susheela
Velli Mani Oosaiyil Iru Malargal Vaali M. S. Viswanathan
Chittukuruvikenna Saavale Samali Kannadasan
Iraivan Varuvan Shanthi Nilayam
Yaumuna Nadhi Inge Gowaravam S. P. Balasubramaniam, P. Susheela
Sangey Mozhangu Kalangarai Vilakam Bharathidasan P. Susheela,Seerkazhi Govindarajan
Thanga Thoniyile Ulagam Sutrum Vaaliban Vaali K. J. Yesudas, P. Susheela
Bansaye T. M. Soundarajan, L. R. Easwari
Kadaloram Vaangiya Kaatru Rickshawkaaran T. M. Soundarajan
Vanda naal mudhal Paavamannippu Kannadasan
Ninu Kori Varnam Isaithida Agni Natchatram Ilayaraja Chitra
Ullasa Poongatre Kolangal
Kanmaniye Kadhal Enbadhu Aarilirunthu Arubathu Varai S. P. Balasubhramaniam, S. Janaki
Nilavu thoongum Kungumachimizh
Vaan Pole Vannam Salangai Oli S. P. Balasubhramaniam, S. P. Sailaja
Oru Thanga Rathathil Dharma Yutham Malaysia Vasudevan
Kannan Oru kaikulanthai Bhadrakali KJ Yesudas,P Susheela
Poovil Vandu Kaadhal Oviyam S. P. Balasubhramaniam
Geetham Sangeetham Kokarako Gangai Amaran
Ravi varman oviyamo Puthu vayal Aravinth
Sivappu Lolaku Kaadhal Kottai Deva
Priya Priya Kattabomman (film) S. P. Balasubhramaniam,K.S.Chitra
Nepala Malaiyoram Thaikulame Thaikulame S. P. Balasubhramaniam,Swarnalatha
Vellarika Kadhal Kottai Krishnaraj
Thoonganakuruvi Jallikattu kalai S. P. Balasubhramaniam,K.S.Chitra
Maname Thottal Thottachinungi Phillip Jerry Hariharan,K.S.Chitra
Kadhal Kaditham Cheran Pandiyan Soundaryan Soundaryan S.A. Rajkumar, Swarnalatha
Porale Ponnuthayi Karuthamma A. R. Rahman Swarnalatha
Pakkada Pakkade Gentleman Minmini
Varayo Thozhi Jeans Sonu Nigam,Harini
Boom Boom Boys Adnan Sami,Sadhana Sargam
Samba Samba Lovebirds Aslam Mustafa
Mainaave Mainaave Thithikudhe Vidyasagar P. Unnikrishnan, Sadhana Sargam
Eera Nila Aravindhan Yuvan Shankar Raja S. P. Balasubrahmanyam,'Mahanadhi' Shobana
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See also

References
  1. Pathak Yajurvedi, Dr. Sarita. "Lecture - Raag Bhopali (Edusat)". www.youtube.com. Bharti College, University of Delhi. Retrieved 5 December 2016.
  2. Karhade, Aradhana. "Raag Bhopali (Uploaded 20 January 2011)". www.youtube.com. Karhade, A. Retrieved 5 December 2016.
  3. Alain, Daniélou (2014). The Rāgas of Northern Indian music. Daniélou, Alain. (2014 ed.). New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal. ISBN 978-8121502252. OCLC 39028809.
  4. Yagnik, Hasu (2013). Shastriya Raag Darshan. Gurjar Granthratna Karyalay. ISBN 978-81-8480-826-1.
  5. "Songs based on Raaga Bhopali". www.soundofindia.com. Sound of India. Retrieved 5 December 2016.
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