Bernard Bernard

Bernard Bernard (21 July 1821 in Mogues, France – 1895) was a French Catholic priest and missionary in Norway, Iceland and Scotland. He was the first Prefect Apostolic of Norway and Lapland from 1869 to 1887.

For Olympic wrestler, see Bernard Bernard (wrestler).

Life
Bernard Bernard in Iceland

Bernard was educated as a priest in Rome and received his consecration in Reims by Cardinal Thomas-Marie-Joseph Gousset (1792–1866). First a parish priest in the French Ardennes for a couple of years, he arrived in Norway in 1856, where he was put into service in the Catholic North Pole Mission (Praefectura Apostolica Poli Arctici).[1] Later in 1856 he was sent to Iceland, which was a part of the North Pole Mission, where he arrived in 1857. Together with Jean-Baptiste Baudoin (1831–1875), Bernard was the first Catholic priest to serve in Iceland after the Reformation, where they built a small chapel at the Landakot farmstead near Reykjavík.[2] They met with a difficult reception and in 1862 Bernard left the country, while Baudoin persevered until 1875. On April 5, 1869, Bernard was appointed Prefect Apostolic of Norway and Lapland with residence in Trondheim. For reasons of health, Bernard resigned as Prefect Apostolic in 1887 and left Norway. He was followed by the Luxembourg priest Johannes Olav Fallize (1844–1933),[3] from 1892 Titular Bishop of Elusa, under whom the mission steadily developed, although not yet large.

Secondary literature on Bernard
  • Gunnar F. Guðmundsson, Kaþólskt trúboð á Íslandi 1857-1875, Reykjavík: Sagnfræðistofnun Háskóla Íslands 1987.
  • St. Ansgar. Jahrbuch des St.-Ansgarius Werkes, Cologne 1983, pp 70–81.
gollark: My physics knowledge is obviously not really that complete, and you're not being very specific, but it's probably that they can only go through a bit of matter, or at least are *sometimes* absorbed and sometimes go through.
gollark: It seems harder to shield humans and the weird biological processes which get affected against radiation than computers, where it basically just boils down to more redundancy and possibly better materials/processes.
gollark: (there's ECC support in RAM and SSDs and stuff, but as far as I know they just put radiation shielding on for CPUs)
gollark: Stuff is generally not designed for an environment where bits might be flipped randomly at some point, though.
gollark: It's more "error rates increase" than "you slowly die", at least.

See also

Notes
  1. See the article on the North Pole Mission in the German or Norwegian Wikipedia.
  2. See Gunnar F. Guðmundsson, Kaþólskt trúboð á Íslandi 1857-1875, Reykjavík 1987.
  3. See the article on The apostolic prefecture in Norway.
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