Baza, Granada

Baza is a town in the province of Granada in Andalusia (southern Spain), twice a former Catholic bishopric and now a Latin Catholic titular see as Basti.

Baza
Municipality
Coat of arms
Baza
Location in Spain
Coordinates: 37°29′N 2°46′W
Country Spain
Autonomous communityAndalusia
ProvinceGranada
ComarcaBaza
Judicial districtBaza
FoundedBetween 1810 and 500 BC
Government
 • AlcaldePedro Fernández Peñalver (2007) (PSOE)
Area
 • Total545 km2 (210 sq mi)
Elevation
844 m (2,769 ft)
Population
 (2018)[1]
 • Total20,519
 • Density38/km2 (98/sq mi)
Demonym(s)Bastetano, na
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
18800
Dialing code(+34) 958
WebsiteOfficial website

Modern town

It has 21,000 inhabitants (2003). It is situated at 844 m above sea level, in the Hoya de Baza, a valley of the Sierra Nevada, not far from the Gallego River. This town gives its name to the Sierra de Baza. The dome-shaped mountain of Jabalcón overlooks the town from the north-west. The Municipality lies at the southern edge of the Altiplano de Granada

History
Town Hall of Baza

The sculpture of the Lady of Baza is a prehistoric artifact discovered in this area on 22 July 1971. The city was founded by the Iberians in the 4th century BC and named Basti, the name by which it was known in Roman times. As part of the Roman province of Tarraco, it was an important commercial center [2] and an early bishopric (see below).

Under the Moors, Baza was an important frontier post along the border with the kingdom of Murcia. It was also a major commercial center, with a population upward of 50,000, making it one of the three most important cities in the Kingdom of Granada.

Under Islamic rule (713 – 1489), the cathedral, founded by the Visigoth king Reccared in about 600, and whose traditional site is occupied by the ancient church of San Máximo, was converted into a mosque[2] and the bishopric was doomed.

In 1489, during the Granada War, the city fell to Queen Isabella I of Castile, after a stubborn defense lasting seven months. The cannons still adorn the Alameda.

On 10 August 1810, French forces under Marshal Nicolas Jean de Dieu Soult defeated a large Spanish force near the town.[2]

Ecclesiastical history

The bishopric of Basti was in existence by 306, the date of the Council of Elvira, which was attended by its bishop Eutychianus. The names of other bishops of Basti also are known through their participation in various Councils of Toledo. The cathedral was founded by the Visigoth king Reccared in about 600; its traditional site is occupied by the ancient church of San Máximo.[2]

The diocese survived for some time the Moorish conquest but was suppressed in the 8th century, perhaps with errant bishops, while under Islamic rule (713 – 1489), the cathedral was converted into a mosque[2] and the bishopric disappeared in the 13th century, but was restored in 1306.

After the Reconquista, the territories of the two historical sees of Basti and Ancient Acci were united on 21 May 1492 as the modern Diocese of Guadix, a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Granada. A collegiate church, the Colegiata de Nuestra Señora Santa María de la Encarnación, Baza, was established at Basti/Baza. This was reluctant to accept rule from Guadix. As a compromise, the collegiate church was given authority, under the bishop, over twelve parishes, and the bishopric adopted a second name, diocese of Guadix-Baza, indicating a union of two dioceses under a single bishop. This continued until 1851, when the collegiate church became a simple parish church and the diocese resumed the name of Diocese of Guadix.[3][4][5]

Baza's co-cathedral of the Incarnation

The former cathedral of Our Lady of the Incarnation, however, rebuilt on the rubble of the mosque which the original had been converted into, retains the status of co-cathedral of the Diocese of Guadix-Baza (suffragan of Granada).

Episcopal ordinaries

(all Roman Rite)

Pre-Moorish Bishops of Baza
  • Saint Bishop Tesifón (? – ?)
  • Eutiquiano (? – ?)
  • Teodoro (589? – ?)
  • Eterio I? (? – ?)
  • Eusebio (633? – 638?)
  • Siervo de Dios (653? – 655?)
  • Eterio II? (675? – ?)
  • Antoniano (681? – 684?)
  • Basilio (688? – 693?)
Bishops of refounded Baza
(incomplete)
  • Beltrán de Boyria (1484? – ?)

Titular see

No longer a residential bishopric, Basti (alias Baza) is listed by the Catholic Church as a Latin titular bishopric, suffragan of the Archdiocese of Toledo,[6] nominally restored in 1969 as Titular bishopric of Basti (Curiate Italian) / Basticen(sis) (Latin adjective).

It has had the following incumbents, so far of the fitting Episcopal (lowest) rank :

  • Martien Antoon Jansen (1970.01.02 – resigned 1970.11.29), on emeritate as former Bishop of Rotterdam (Netherlands) (1956.03.10 – 1970.01.02); died 1983
  • Sándor Klempa, Norbertines (O. Praem.) (1972.02.08 – death 1985.12.19) on emeritate as former Apostolic Administrator of Veszprém (Hungary) (1959 – 1972.02.08)
  • Mario Lezana Vaca (1986.05.17 – resigned 1998.03.07) awarded while Military Vicar of Bolivia (Bolivia) (1986.05.17 – 1986.07.21) restyled Military Ordinary of Bolivia (1986.07.21 – 2000.04.14), died 2006
  • Jesús García Burillo (1998.06.19 – 2003.01.09) as Auxiliary Bishop of Orihuela–Alicante (Spain) (1998.06.19 – 2003.01.09); later Bishop of Ávila (Spain) (2003.01.09 – ...)
  • Antonio Marino (2003.04.11 – 2011.04.06) as Auxiliary Bishop of La Plata (Argentina) (2003.04.11 – 2011.04.06); later Bishop of Mar del Plata (Argentina) (2011.04.06 – ...)
  • David William Valencia Antonio (2011.06.15 – ...), Auxiliary Bishop of Nueva Segovia (Philippines), Apostolic Administrator sede plena of Apostolic Vicariate of San Jose in Mindoro (Philippines) (2015.11.21 – ...).

Transport

Until 1985, Baza was served by a railway station on the Ferrocarril del Almanzora, which linked Murcia del Carmen to Granada via Lorca, Baza and Guadix. Reopening this line has been proposed.[7]

Cultural references

The 1489 siege of Baza is described in Washington Irving's book The Conquest of Granada.

gollark: It is VERY annoying that the last one has just four (4) integers in it and not five (5).
gollark: See, if you just iterate through all possible programs in some language, and see which one first produces those outputs given those inputs, you will have a solution.
gollark: Actually, I didn't.
gollark: Oh, wait, I think this can probably be done in a somewhat insane way which is *technically* not a lookup table.
gollark: This is EXTREMELY anomalously apioioio.

See also
  • List of Catholic dioceses in Spain, Andorra, Ceuta and Gibraltar

References
  1. Municipal Register of Spain 2018. National Statistics Institute.
  2.  One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Baza". Encyclopædia Britannica. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 559.
  3. Bibliothèque sacrée, ou Dictionnaire universel, t. XI, Paris 1823, pp. 356–361
  4. Konrad Eubel, Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi, vol. 2, p. 162; vol. 3, p. 206; vol. 4, p. 198; vol. 5, p. 214; vol. 6, p. 230
  5. Pius Bonifacius Gams, Series episcoporum Ecclesiae Catholicae, Leipzig 1931, pp. 3–4
  6. Annuario Pontificio 2013 (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013 ISBN 978-88-209-9070-1), p. 838
  7. "Concentración en Baza para pedir el tren entre Andalucía y Murcia y combatir la España vaciada". Granada Hoy (in Spanish). 31 December 2019. Retrieved 4 April 2020.
Bibliography - ecclesiastical history
  • Pius Bonifacius Gams, Series episcoporum Ecclesiae Catholicae, Leipzig 1931, p. 3
  • España Sagrada, vol. VII, Madrid 1750, pp. 80–96
  • A. Lambert, lemma 'Basti' in Dictionnaire d'Histoire et de Géographie ecclésiastiques, vol. VI, Paris 1932, coll. 1288-1291
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