Battle of Ponza (1435)

The naval battle of Ponza was fought in early August 1435, when the Duke of Milan dispatched the Genoese navy to relieve the besieged town of Gaeta,[13] which was currently under threat from the King of Aragon.[14]

Battle of Ponza
Part of Aragon's Conquest of Naples
The surrender of Alfonso V of Aragon
Date 5 August 1435[1][2] Location Island of Ponza, Tyrrhenian Sea Result Decisive Genoese victory[3][4][5][6]
Belligerents
Duchy of Milan Republic of Genoa [3][4][5][6][7]	Crown of Aragon [2][4][5][7]
Commanders and leaders
Filippo Visconti Biagio Assereto Jacopo Giustiniani [3][4][7][8][9]	Alfonso V of Aragon King of Aragon (POW) John II of Aragon King of Navarre (POW) Henry of Aragon Prince Infante (POW) [2][3][5][9][10]
Strength
Genoese fleet: 3 galleys 13 vessels 2,400 soldiers [10][11][12]	Aragonese fleet: 11 galleys 14 vessels 6,000 soldiers [10][11][12]
Casualties and losses
90 killed[8]	600 killed[8] ~ 100 Aragonese nobles captured [1][10] 13 vessels lost[3][4]

Conflict

Joan II, Queen of Naples, died on 2 February 1435,[1] and by her will bestowed Rene d'Anjou with the crown of Naples.[14] However, Alfonso, king of Aragon and Sicily, whom Queen Joan II had primarily adopted, claimed the succession, on the ground of this first adoption.[1] Thus the successionist war between the House of Anjou and the House of Aragon over the Kingdom of Naples ensued.[12][13]

At this critical moment Rene d'Anjou was currently imprisoned in the Duchy of Burgundy[15] and Alfonso of Aragon lost no time in stirring up his partisans in the Kingdom of Naples, whilst he himself sailed from Sicily with a large fleet to besiege Gaeta.[14]

Gaeta itself was garrisoned by the Genoese[4] who shortly after Queen Joan's death dispatched Francesco Spinola with 800 infantry.[5][16] The Duke of Milan (to whom the Republic of Genoa had lately submitted)[1] sided with the House of Anjou[16] and dispatched a Genoese fleet[13] in July under Biagio Assereto in order to relieve Gaeta.[16] Alfonso immediately sailed against the Genoese fleet[12] with superior numbers.[15] The two fleets met near the island of Ponza and after a long and gallant conflict,[15] which lasted for ten hours,[13] the Genoese were completely victorious.[6] The royal galley of Aragon was compelled to strike,[15] and Alfonso V, King of Aragon was captured.[2]

Aftermath

The siege of Gaeta was lifted,[12] and the return of the Genoese fleet was met with a triumphant reception at Genoa.[10] The King and all the noble Aragonese prisoners were then brought to Milan before the Duke,[16] and with this one strike the war seemed already over.[9]
However the King of Aragon managed to persuade the Duke of Milan to his side and against Rene d'Anjou, and was set at liberty with all other prisoners.[1] The Genoese were so utterly exasperated by the Duke's decision[4] that they started to rebel against him, drove out the Milanese garrison and overthrew his rule on 27 December 1435.[1]

Sources

1. Simonde de Sismondi, Jean-Charles-Léonard (1832). A History of the Italian Republics. Philadelphia.
2. de Madrazo, Pedro (1839). Recuerdos y bellezas de España: Cataluña. Barcelona.
3. Zurita, Jerónimo (1579). Segunda parte de los Anales de la Corona de Aragon: Book 14. Zaragoza.
4. Burchett, Josiah (1720). A Complete History of the Most Remarkable Transactions at Sea. London.
5. Ersch, Johann Samuel (1847). Allgemeine Encyclopädie der Wissenschaften und Künste: 3. Section. Leipzig.
6. de Cherrier, Claude Joseph (1858). Histoire de la Lutte des Papes et des Empereurs: Vol.III. Paris.
7. Schlosser, Friedrich Christoph (1849). F. C. Schlosser's Weltgeschichte für das Deutsche Volk: Vol.IX. Frankfurt a.M.
8. Canale, Michele Giuseppe (1864). Nuova Istoria della Repubblica di Genova: Vol.IV. Florence.
9. Gregorovius, Ferdinand (1988). Geschichte der Stadt Rom im Mittelalter: Book 1-6. Munich.
10. von Stramberg, Christian (1858). Denkwürdiger und nützlicher Rheinischer Antiquarius: Vol.VII. Koblenz.
11. Troyli, Placido (1753). Istoria generale del Reame di Napoli. Naples.
12. Leo, Heinrich (1829). Geschichte von Italien: Vol.III. Hamburg.
13. von Meerheimb, Richard (1865). Von Palermo bis Gaëta. Dresden.
14. Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge (1843). The Biographical Dictionary: Vol.II. London.
15. Col. Proctor, George (1844). The History of Italy. London.
16. Ersch, Johann Samuel (1854). Allgemeine Encyclopädie der Wissenschaften und Künste: 1. Section. Leipzig.

See also

• Kingdom of Naples
• Crown of Aragon
• Republic of Genoa