Battle of Lwów (1941)

The Battle of Lwów was a World War II battle for the control over the Soviet city of Lwów (now Lviv, Ukraine) between the Red Army and the invading Wehrmacht and the hiking groups OUN.

For a list of battles fought for the city of Lwów, see Battle of Lwów (disambiguation).
Battle of Lwów
Part of the Frontier Battles in the Great Patriotic War
DateJune 22–30, 1941
Location
Lwów, UkrSSR, USSR
Result Tactical victory of the Third Reich
Belligerents
 Third Reich
OUN		  Soviet Union
Commanders and leaders
Carl-Heinrich von Stülpnagel
Yaroslav Stetsko		 Iwan Muzyczenko
Nikołaj Diatłow
Strength
17th Army 6th Combined Arms Army

History

Protection of the city’s infrastructure was carried out by the 223rd regiment from the 13th division of the NKVD escort troops. On June 24, the 1st company of the regiment prevented the mass escape from Lvov Prison No. 1. Also, the soldiers of the regiment defended the city from the actions of looters, OUN members and nazi saboteurs. From June 29 to June 30, 1941, the regiment’s battalion covered the withdrawal of units of the 6th army from Lviv and then departed along the route Sykhov-Bóbrka-Rohatyn-Kozova-Tarnopol under the direct influence of the Luftwaffe.

Immediately after the departure of the Red Army, NKVD troops and border guards, the massacre of Lviv professors[1] and Lviv pogrom[2] was organized, and then the ghetto and concentration camps began to form under the leadership of the German administration by the Ukrainian auxiliary police, formed from the OUN marching groups.[3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]

The city was liberated from the Nazis three years later, in the summer of 1944, during the Lvov–Sandomierz Offensive.[15]

gollark: Although I suppose that *someone* probably keeps the originals around in case they have to change the hashing algorithm.
gollark: It's trickier on images (see how PyroBot does it...) but not impossible. (since you want moderately fuzzy matching, unlike SHA256 and such, which will produce an entirely different hash if a single bit is flipped)
gollark: Through the magic of cryptography, you can condense arbitrarily big files down to a fixed-length fingerprint and check if that matches, with basically-zero false positive risk.
gollark: Hashes of it.
gollark: No, lots of things seem very possible before that.

See also

References
  1. Schenk, Dieter (2007). Der Lemberger Professorenmord und der Holocaust in Ostgalizien. Bonn: Dietz. ISBN 978-3-8012-5033-1. OCLC 839060671.
  2. Himka, John-Paul (2011). "The Lviv Pogrom of 1941: The Germans, Ukrainian Nationalists, and the Carnival Crowd". Canadian Slavonic Papers. 53 (2–4): 209–243. doi:10.1080/00085006.2011.11092673. ISSN 0008-5006. Taylor & Francis.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  3. The Lviv pogrom of 1941 By John Paul Himka. Kyiv Post September 23, 2010.
  4. Yad Vashem (2005). "June 30: Germany occupies Lvov; 4,000 Jews killed by July 3". Archived from the original on 2005-03-11.
  5. Holocaust Encyclopedia (2006). "Lwów". United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.
  6. Yad Vashem (2005). "July 25: Pogrom in Lwów". Chronology of the Holocaust. Yad Vashem. Archived from the original on 2005-03-11.
  7. І.К. Патриляк. Військова діяльність ОУН(Б) у 1940—1942 роках. — Університет імені Шевченко \Ін-т історії України НАН України Київ, 2004 I. K. Patrylyak. (2004). Military activities of the OUN (B) in the years 1940-1942. Kiev, Ukraine: Shevchenko University \ Institute of History of Ukraine National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. pg. 324.
  8. Philip Friedman. Ukrainian-Jewish Relations During the Nazi Occupation. In Roads to Extinction: Essays on the Holocaust. (1980) New York: Conference of Jewish Social Studies. pg. 181
  9. Philip Friedman. Ukrainian-Jewish Relations During the Nazi Occupation. at Yivo annual of Jewish social science Yiddish Scientific Institute, 1959 pg.268
  10. Institute of Ukrainian History, Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists and the Ukrainian Insurgent Army, Chapter 2 Archived March 25, 2009, at the Wayback Machine, pp.62-63
  11. Timothy Snyder. (2004) The Reconstruction of Nations. New Haven: Yale University Press: pg. 162
  12. Timothy Snyder. (2008). "The life and death of Volhynian Jewry, 1921-1945." In Brandon, Lowler (Eds.) The Shoah in Ukraine: history, testimony, memorialization. Indiana: Indiana University Press, pg. 95
  13. Divide and Conquer: the KGB Disinformation Campaign Against Ukrainians and Jews Archived 2009-06-20 at the Wayback Machine. Ukrainian Quarterly, Fall 2004. By Herbert Romerstein
  14. Friedman, Philip (1980). "Ukrainian-Jewish Relations During the Nazi Occupation". In Ada June Friedman (ed.). Roads to Extinction: Essays on the Holocaust. New York: Conference of Jewish Social Studies (YIVO). pp. 203. ISBN 0827601700.
  15. Jerzy Węgierski (1989), W lwowskiej Armii Krajowej PAX, Warszawa; ISBN 83-211-1044-4 via Google Books.

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