Battle of Dynekilen

Battle of Dynekilen
	Part of the Great Northern War
	; Tordenskjold i Dynekilen by Carl Neumann
Date	June 28, 1716 (O.S.); July 8, 1716 (N.S.)
Location	Dynekilen fjord, north of Strömstad
Result	Danish-Norwegian victory
Belligerents
Swedish Empire	Denmark-Norway
Commanders and leaders
Olof Strömstierna	Peter Tordenskjold
Strength
1,284 men[1]; 13 warships,; 14 merchant vessels,; 1 land battery with; 40 heavy cannons and; 72 light cannons in total[2][lower-alpha 1]	931 men[5]; 7 warships with; 97 heavy cannons,; 38 light cannons and; 2 howitzers in total[2]
Casualties and losses
9 warships captured,; 4 warships sunk,; 5 merchants captured,; 9 merchants destroyed[lower-alpha 2]; 21 men or more captured,; unknown number of killed and wounded[6]	19 killed,; 57 wounded[2]

The naval Battle of Dynekilen (Slaget ved Dynekilen) took place on 8 July 1716 during the Great Northern War.

Background

On 28 October 1709 Frederik IV of Denmark, the Danish-Norwegian king declared war against Sweden. The war declaration came after the Swedish defeat at the Battle of Poltava, which resulted in a decisive victory for Peter I of Russia over Charles XII of Sweden.

In the naval enactment, a light Danish-Norwegian force of 7 ships under Peter Tordenskjold trapped and defeated a Swedish transport fleet of 44 ships in Dynekilen fjord, just north of Strömstad, on the west coast of Sweden. The Swedish transport fleet was transporting troops, ammunition and supplies from Göteborg, destined for the land forces under the command of Charles XII invading Norway.[7]

The Danish-Norwegian flotilla ambushed the Swedish fleet while it was positioned in the harbour of Dynekilen. In the process, it overcame and destroyed a small island fort equipped with six 12-pounder guns positioned in the harbour entrance. The largest Swedish ship, Stenbock, a former ship of the line converted into a cannon barge, surrendered, after which the lighter vessels were run aground, and an attempt made to destroy most of them. The Dano-Norwegian forces worked to put out fires and salvage as many of the ships as possible. They managed to save and capture 30 ships, while 14 ships, consisting of various galleys and transport ships, were successfully destroyed by the Swedish. Swedish land forces continued to fire muskets from the surrounding hills during these operations, eventually forcing Tordenskjold to leave, but not preventing him from taking with him all of 30 captured Swedish ships. The Dano-Norwegian force suffered 76 casualties, 19 killed and 57 wounded.

On account of the loss of this transport fleet at Dynekilen, Charles XII was forced to abandon the invasion of Norway and withdraw his troops to Sweden, where he was soon preoccupied with setting up defences against the expected combined Danish and Russian invasion force.

Ships involved

Denmark-Norway (Tordenskjold)

Hjælper 47 (barge)
Hvide Ørn 30 (frigate)
Vindhund 16 (frigate)
Charlotte Amalia 7 (galley)
Louisa 7 (galley)
Prinds Christian 7 (galley)

Sweden

Stenbock 24 (barge) - Surrendered
Proserpina 5 (galley) - Captured
Ulysses 5 (galley) - Captured
Lucretia 12 (galley) - Captured
Wreden 21 (galley) - Sunk, later salvaged by the Swedes.
Achilles 5 (half-galley) - Captured
Pollux 5 (half-galley) - Captured
Hector 5 (half-galley) - destroyed.
Castor 5 (half-galley) - Sunk, later salvaged by the Swedes
Biorn 4 (double-sloop) - Captured
Svarte Maeren 4 (double-sloop) - Captured
Schelpaden 12 (Gallioth) - Sunk, later salvaged by the Swedes
TRANSPORTS - 5 captured, 3 destroyed

All according to Tordenskiolds own report. (printed at pages 229- 230, in the book, "Tordenskiolds Brev" (by Komandor, Olav Bergersen 1963)

Notes

The exact strength of the Swedish force is unknown. According to sources, there were between 12[3] and 15 warships[4] and 8[3] to 29 merchant vessels, with 13 warships and 14 merchant vessels being considered the most likely figure in modern literature.[2]
According to a letter written by Tordenskjold, the Swedes lost 9 warships captured by the Norwegians and 4 sunk by their own crew, and 5 merchants captured and 3 destroyed and sunk by their own crew.[2] However, according to other sources, all of the Swedish ships were lost, resulting in a figure of 9 merchants destroyed.[6] Some sources speak of 44 Swedish ships lost, of which 30 captured.[7]

Dan H. Andersen. Mandsmod og kongegunst: en biografi om Peter Wessel Tordenskiold. Aschehoug, 2004. p. 207
Nils Modig. Strömstad: Gränsstad i ofred och krig. Warne förlag, 2013. pp. 74–86
Olav Bergersen. Tordenskiolds brev. Facsimile, 1963. pp. 229–230
Knut Lundblad. Georg Friedrich Jenssen-Tusch: Geschichte Karl des Zwölften, Königs von Schweden, Band 2. Hamburg (1835). p. 491
William Coucheron–Aamot. Det norske folk paa land og sjø. Det norske aktieforlag, 1901. p. 233
Lars Ericson Wolke. Sjöslag och rysshärjningar : kampen om Östersjön under stora nordiska kriget 1700-1721. Norstedts, 2012. pp. 229–234
Feldborg, Andreas Andersen (1807). Great and good deeds of Danes, Norwegians, and Holsteinians, collected by O. Malling, and tr. by the author of A tour in Zealand. Danske. p. 170.

Sources

Adamson, Hans Christian Admiral Thunderbolt;: The spectacular career of Peter Wessel, Norway's greatest sea hero (Chilton Co., Book Division. 1959)
Andersson, R.C. Naval Wars in the Baltic 1522-1850 ( Francis Edwards Ltd. 1969) ISBN 978-0-902476-00-4
Bergersen, Olav "Tordenskiolds Brev" (Universitetsforlaget, Trondheim 1963)
Bjerg, Hans Christian Tordenskiold: Glimt af Wessel (Borgan. 1990) ISBN 978-87-7466-181-8
Christiansen, Per Jeg vil synge om en helt: et biografisk skrift i anledning 300-arsjubileet for Peter Wessel Tordenskiolds fødsel (Ringve museum. 1990) ISBN 978-82-990305-5-7
Kavli, Guthorm I Tordenskjolds Kjølvann (Schibsted. 1990) ISBN 82-516-1352-3

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[5] The exact strength of the Swedish force is unknown. According to sources, there were between 12[3] and 15 warships[4] and 8[3] to 29 merchant vessels, with 13 warships and 14 merchant vessels being considered the most likely figure in modern literature.[2]

[9] According to a letter written by Tordenskjold, the Swedes lost 9 warships captured by the Norwegians and 4 sunk by their own crew, and 5 merchants captured and 3 destroyed and sunk by their own crew.[2] However, according to other sources, all of the Swedish ships were lost, resulting in a figure of 9 merchants destroyed.[6] Some sources speak of 44 Swedish ships lost, of which 30 captured.[7]

[Andersen-1] Dan H. Andersen. Mandsmod og kongegunst: en biografi om Peter Wessel Tordenskiold. Aschehoug, 2004. p. 207

[Modig-2] Nils Modig. Strömstad: Gränsstad i ofred och krig. Warne förlag, 2013. pp. 74–86

[Olav-3] Olav Bergersen. Tordenskiolds brev. Facsimile, 1963. pp. 229–230

[Lundblad-4] Knut Lundblad. Georg Friedrich Jenssen-Tusch: Geschichte Karl des Zwölften, Königs von Schweden, Band 2. Hamburg (1835). p. 491

[Coucheron-6] William Coucheron–Aamot. Det norske folk paa land og sjø. Det norske aktieforlag, 1901. p. 233

[Wolke-7] Lars Ericson Wolke. Sjöslag och rysshärjningar : kampen om Östersjön under stora nordiska kriget 1700-1721. Norstedts, 2012. pp. 229–234

[Feldborg-8] Feldborg, Andreas Andersen (1807). Great and good deeds of Danes, Norwegians, and Holsteinians, collected by O. Malling, and tr. by the author of A tour in Zealand. Danske. p. 170.