Rheda-Wiedenbrück

Rheda-Wiedenbrück (German: [ˈʁeːda viːdn̩ˈbʁʏk] (listen)) is a town in the district of Gütersloh, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

Rheda-Wiedenbrück
Schloss Rheda
Flag Coat of arms
Location of Rheda-Wiedenbrück within Gütersloh district
Rheda-Wiedenbrück Show map of Germany Rheda-Wiedenbrück Show map of North Rhine-Westphalia
Coordinates: 51°50′30″N 8°18′00″E
Country	Germany
State	North Rhine-Westphalia
Admin. region	Detmold
District	Gütersloh
Subdivisions	6
Government
• Mayor	Theo Mettenborg (CDU)
Area
• Total	86.66 km^2 (33.46 sq mi)
Highest elevation	105 m (344 ft)
Lowest elevation	66 m (217 ft)
Population  (2018-12-31)[1]
• Total	48,505
• Density	560/km^2 (1,400/sq mi)
Time zone	CET/CEST (UTC+1/+2)
Postal codes	33378
Dialling codes	05242
Vehicle registration	GT
Website	rheda-wiedenbrueck.de

Geography

The twin community lies within the valley of the river Ems in the Westphalian Lowland south of the Teutoburg Forest, which is about 30 km away. The formerly independent towns of Rheda and Wiedenbrück are separated by the Federal Highway 2 which does not, however, form the historic border between the two districts. The Ems river runs through the city. The nearest major cities are Gütersloh (about 11 km), Bielefeld and Paderborn around 35 km away, and Hamm about 55 km away. The river enters from the southeast into an urban area. Close to the public pool in Wiedenbrück, an artificial side arm branches off to the north of the river Ems. The Ems and the artificial branch are flowing around the old historic Wiedenbrück city centre and come together again behind the Ems lake at the height of the Wiedenbrück High School. The river then flows through the grounds of the State Garden Show 1988, connects the Wiedenbrücker center with the center of Rheda and leaves the urban area in the northernmost tip. Several small tributaries of the Ems are located in the municipality. Other notable waters are the Buxelssee northeast of the motorway, the Bänischsee northeast of Rheda and Lintel lake east of Wiedenbrück. One characteristic of the two combined cities is a green strip several kilometers long along the Ems, starting at Emssee in downtown Wiedenbrück and ending near the water castle in Rheda. The overall flat terrain falls from south to north. Outside the settlement areas, the city is dominated by agriculture and the city has comparatively large forest areas surrounding the city.

Expanse and utilisation of city area

The city, which is classified as a small center city municipality has an area of 86.68 km². The majority consists of agricultural and forest area, a combined 72%.[2] The greatest distance from north to south is 12.6 km, from east to west about 14 km.

Area by type

Agriculture	Forest	Buildings, Free Space, Commercial	Traffic, Roads	Water	Recreation, Cemeteries	Others[3]	Total Area
50.08 km²	12.29 km²	14.50 km²	6.88 km²	1.63 km²	0.96 km²	0.35 km²	86.68 km²
57.8%	14.2%	16.7%	7.9%	1.9%	1.1%	0.3%	100.0 %

The length of the city border is 50,2 km, the highest elevation at 105m and the lowest point at 66m above mean sea level.

Neighbouring municipalities

• Oelde
• Herzebrock-Clarholz
• Gütersloh
• Rietberg
• Langenberg

Division and organisation

Rheda-Wiedenbrück is divided according to § 3 of the main articles of association[4] in the city itself and the three villages Batenhorst, Lintel and St. Vit. Before 1 October 2004 the neighbourhood Nordrheda-Ems also was classified as a village, but was then merged with Rheda. The following table shows the numbers of inhabitants and areas of the towns and city areas as of 1 January 2013.

Village / Part	Inhabitants[5]	Area[6]	Map of city areas
Batenhorst	1,492	16.90 km²
Lintel	1,510	21.75 km²
Rheda	22,099 incl. Nordrheda-Ems	27.06 km²
(Nordrheda-Ems)	(not listed)	(13.95 km²)
St. Vit	1,370	10.37 km²
Wiedenbrück	21,252	10.57 km²
Total	47,723	86.66 km²

History

Wiedenbrück market square

Renovated city hall with city library in Rheda

Bullet damage from the Thirty Years' War at Saint Aegidius church

It is suspected that in 785 a first small church was built in Wiedenbrück. Excavations show the emergence of a transept basilica built after 900. The dendrochronological analysis of two tree coffins found north of the Saint Aegidius church resulted in a dating to the years 907/923 and 926/42. Rheda was documented at the latest in 1088 and earliest in 1085. Since its first mentioning in 1170 until 1807/1815, the castle or the later Rheda Castle was the center of the Rheda ruling region. Wiedenbrück was the seat of the Office Reckenberg and thus an exclave of the Bishopric of Osnabrück.

Emperor Otto granted the rights of market, coin and customs law for Wiedenbrück to the bishop of Osnabrück in the year 952. Several certificates issued by [[Otto_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor>Otto III. (HRE)]] in Wiedenbrück in 985 are known. It is therefore assumed that a royal court existed in Wiedenbrück at that time.

In 1225 bishop Engelbert of Osnabrück took over the ancient legal court responsibility for Wiedenbrück and other cities. This is one of the starting points of the development of the Bishopric of Osnabrück to a territorial state of the Bishop of Osnabrück. The oldest surviving coins from Wiedenbrück are dated 1230. In 1231 Wiedenbrück was proclaimed civitas. Aldermen were elected to the Court and a seal was announced. In 1249 the new town was founded and a year later castle Reckenberg was mentioned for the first time.

Around 1462 a first constitution was drafted, based on the constitution of Osnabrück. In 1543 Wiedenbrück was reformed by Hermann Bonnus, a representative of the Bishop Franz of Waldeck. By 1565 Wiedenbrück was predominantly Lutheran. In the same year the boundaries between the Office Reckenberg to which Wiedenbrück counted, and the adjacent Rheda were established in the so-called Bielefeld recess, as two independent sovereign areas were first recognized. After first steps for a Counter-Reformation were taken in 1624/1625, Wiedenbrück was occupied in 1626 during the Thirty Years' War by the Danes . When the Bishop Franz Wilhelm von Wartenberg assumed office in 1628, he continued the Counter-Reformation. In 1637 Wiedenbrück established one of the oldest high schools in the region, the Gymnasium Marianum, a Latin School and forerunner of the current Ratsgymnasium high school in Wiedenbrück. The Franciscan monastery was founded in 1644 by Bishop Franz Wilhelm. Three years later, in July 1647 Wiedenbrück was taken by the Swedes, but cleared after dismantling of the fortress within two months. When in 1648 in Münster and Osnabrück the Peace of Westphalia was negotiated, this did require the alternation of a Catholic and a Lutheran bishop in the House of Brunswick-Lüneburg for the Bishopric of Osnabrück. In 1664, prompted by Ernst August I., the refortification of the city began. In 1716 the last urban copper coins were minted. In 1726, a new office building was constructed on the Reckenberg. As a result of the conversion of bishopric Osnabrück into a principality, Wiedenbrück was attached to the house of Hanover in 1802. In 1807 the city became part of the Kingdom of Westphalia. The chapter of fellows of collegiate was disbanded in 1810, and the Office Reckenberg with Wiedenbrück were ceded to Prussia at the Congress of Vienna in 1816 and assigned to the new province of Westphalia. Wiedenbrück thus separated from the Diocese of Osnabrück, the Catholic communities of the former Office Reckenberg came to the Archdiocese of Paderborn.

In the early morning hours of 10 November 1938 members of the SA, who had previously gathered in the adjacent restaurant Neuhaus, set the Rheda synagogue on fire. The remains were demolished and the property subsequently sold. In 1938 the federal highway A2 was opened to traffic. The highway was not, as is sometimes falsely claimed built almost exactly on the border between Rheda Wiedenbrück, but crosses it several times in different city areas. In 1940, Field Marshal Hermann Goering ordered the confiscation of all bronze church bells, which were to be used for arms manufacturing. From 1816 until the local government reform in 1970, the city was the seat of the district named after the city of Wiedenbrück .

Religions

Of the 47 723 inhabitants (as of 1 January 2013), a total of 23,428 or about 49.1% are of Roman Catholic faith. Rheda-Wiedenbrück belongs to the Archdiocese of Paderborn. 10,274 inhabitants, or about 21.6% are Protestant faith. These believers are part of the church district of Gütersloh in the Evangelical Church of Westphalia. The remaining 10,802 inhabitants or 23.6%, have a different creed or religious affiliation. Because the district of Gütersloh is a stronghold of the Assyrian people living in Germany, the city has a relatively high share of members of the Syriac Orthodox Church.

Population history

Population development of Rheda-Wiedenbrück between 1939 and 2007 (current area)

The following overview shows the numbers of inhabitants of the city Rheda-Wiedenbrück and for 1939, 1950 and 1961 the number of inhabitants of the present-day city area. The figures up to 1970 and for 1987 are census results [7][8] and from 1975 based on official updates by the State Office for Data Processing and Statistics.[9] The figures from 1975 to 1985 are estimated values, the figures from 1990 extrapolations based on the results of the census of 1987. The data refer to the resident population and from 1985 to the population with the main place of residence in the city.

Year Population 1939 (17 May) 18,014 1950 (13 Sept) 26,702 1961 (6 June) 32,214 1970 (27 May) 36,676 1975 (31 Dec) 37,365

Year Population 1980 (31 Dec) 37,945 1985 (31 Dec) 37,538 1987 (25 May) 36,822 1990 (31 Dec) 38,327

Year Population 1995 (31 Dec) 42,155 2000 (31 Dec) 44,932 2005 (31 Dec) 46,440 2007 (31 Dec) 46,710

Rheda-Wiedenbrück City Hall

Sons and daughters of the city

• 1902: Martin Harlinghausen, General (died 1986)
• 1941: Liz Mohn, businesswoman (Bertelsmann)
• 1949: Peter Meyer, manager and ADAC president 2001-2014
• 1965: Tim Krohn, Swiss writer
• 1968: Hanne Wolharn, actress
• 1972: Ingo Pohlmann, pop musician
• 1974: Nicole Kortlüke, film editor

Other personalities

People who work or worked in the town:

Luise Hensel 1829

• Luise Hensel (1798-1876) poet, lived for more than 20 years in Wiedenbrück
• Bernhard Hoetger (1874-1949), artist, lived in Wiedenbrück for a short time
• Luigi Colani (1928-2019), designer, lived temporarily in Rheda
• Judith Lefeber (born 1981), singer, grew up in Rheda-Wiedenbrück

References

1. "Bevölkerung der Gemeinden Nordrhein-Westfalens am 31. Dezember 2018" (in German). Landesbetrieb Information und Technik NRW. Retrieved 10 July 2019.
2. "Landesbetrieb Information und Technik NRW, Geschäftsbereich Statistik: Kommunalprofil Rheda-Wiedenbrück" (PDF). p. 3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-12-18. Retrieved 2010-10-07.
3. combines areas of various use (0.30 km²) Moor and other non-usable areas (0.04 km²) as well as mining areas (0.01 km²)
4. Hauptsatzung der Stadt Rheda-Wiedenbrück Archived 2007-11-06 at the Wayback Machine date November 9, 1999 in its 7th revision dated March 25, 2008
5. "Website der Stadt Rheda-Wiedenbrück: Zahlen und Fakten – Daten zu Rheda-Wiedenbrück".
6. "Website der Stadt Rheda-Wiedenbrück: Zahlen und Fakten – Daten zu Rheda-Wiedenbrück". Archived from the original on 2013-12-11.
7. Statistisches Landesamt Nordrhein-Westfalen: Die Wohnbevölkerung in den Gemeinden Nordrhein-Westfalens 1970 : Ergebnisse der Volkszählung am 27. Mai 1970. Düsseldorf 1972, S. 46.
8. Landesamt für Datenverarbeitung und Statistik Nordrhein-Westfalen: Sonderreihe zur Volkszählung 1987 in Nordrhein-Westfalen, Band 1.1: Bevölkerung, Privathaushalte und Erwerbstätige. Düsseldorf 1989, S. 110.
9. Landesamt für Datenverarbeitung und Statistik Nordrhein-Westfalen: Landesdatenbank Nordrhein-Westfalen

External links

• Official website (in German)