Baltimore City College football

The Baltimore City College football team, known as the "Black Knights" or the "Knights" since 1950, or longtime since the 1880s as the "Collegians" or since 1928 as the "Alamedans", represents the Baltimore City College, a public college preparatory secondary school featuring the International Baccalaureate programme, in Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.[1] Since the introduction of football at the school in the mid-1870s, the City College football team has competed in more than 1,000 contests, won more than 20 Maryland Scholastic Association (MSA) and Baltimore City championships, while emphasizing academics and character education.[2]

City tailback Dominick Roseborough (November, 2006) M&T Bank Stadium

In 1889, City's primary rivalry started when the first game was played between Baltimore City College and the Baltimore Manual Training School, which was later renamed the Baltimore Polytechnic Institute (Poly).[3] Six former City College football players have gone on to professional careers in the National Football League (NFL). Two City College coaches have advanced to higher levels as well. George Young served in the NFL as the general manager of the New York Giants from 1979 to 1997 and served as an assistant coach with the Baltimore Colts and the Miami Dolphins. Another coach, Harry Lawrence established a winning tradition at Bucknell University.

Overview
Baltimore City College Football Overview
SchoolBaltimore City College
LocationBaltimore, Maryland
NicknameBlack Knights
AssociationMaryland Scholastic Association (MSA) (1919-1993)
Maryland Public Secondary Schools Athletic Association (MPSSAA) (1993–present)
Class3A East
RegionBaltimore City (Division I)
Head CoachMike Hamilton, 1st Year
Record1-0
Notable Postseason Accomplishments
Undefeated Seasons11 (1936-1940, 1961, 1965–66, 1987, 1991–92)
MSA Championships23* (1936–42, 1961, 1964–68, 1986–88, 1991–92)
*1936 MSA title vacated due to ineligible player.
Baltimore City Championships2 (2005, 2006)
MPSSAA State Semifinals3 (1996, 2001, 2005)
MPSSAA State Quarterfinals5 (1993, 1996, 2001, 2002, 2005)
MPSSAA Playoff Appearances12 (1993, 1996, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2010, 2011, 2013, 2014, 2015)
Highest Metro RankingNo. 1 (1987, 1991)
Highest National RankingNo. 7 (1965)

History
Members of the 1895 Baltimore City College football team.

In the mid-1870s, the popularity of football spread to high school competition. City College became one of the first high schools in the Baltimore-area to play football, which meant that there were no organized teams at the same level. In 1895, therefore, City scheduled games against college teams such as the Maryland, the Naval Academy, Mount St. Mary's, Western Maryland and even the Fort Monroe soldiers. The record in 1895: 3 wins, 13 losses, including a 42-0 rout by Navy.[4] In the first game of the 1896 season, Gettysburg College trounced City 50-0, but enthusiasm for the team continued to grow as evidence by the send off given them before they sailed to Hampton, Virginia to play Hampton high school.[5] By the early 1900s, area high schools had developed football teams and City was able to compete on a more level playing field, beating, for instance, the newly formed Polytechnic team 13-0 in 1903.

Little is known about the first City–Poly game, except that it was played at northeast Baltimore's Clifton Park in 1889 between the City "reserves" team and Poly with City emerging as the victor.[6] City won all 12 games from 1889 to 1900 when the annual clash was considered a scrub engagement.[7] The annual meeting of the two teams has led to one of the longest continuous public high school football rivalries in the nation.[6] By 1918, Poly and other area schools had surpassed City in their preparation for the games. According to William Tippett, Jr, class of 1919, City's team did not even have a practice field because of its location in Downtown Baltimore.[2]

The Harry Lawrence era

By 1929, the Knights had a new $3 million, 40-acre (160,000 m2) home in northeast Baltimore. That same year the Knights wore new uniforms with numbers on the front and back, a historic first for high schools.[8] The "Castle on the Hill" had spacious practice fields with a separate "game day field".

Under head coach Harry Lawrence, the Knights dominated local teams, including Poly whom they beat consecutively from 1934 to 1942; and started playing schools out of state, beating Petersburg High School in 1936.[9] The 1936 team won all nine of its games, but was stripped of the MSA title when one of running back Arthur Deckleman was ruled ineligible. The investigating committee gave the title to the McDonough High School, which City had beaten, 12-0, during the regular season.[10]

By 1940, Lawrence's teams were undefeated in 38 consecutive games, won three consecutive state titles and retired the trophy presented by the Evening Sun for the winner of the City-Poly game.[11] In 1941, an undefeated City College went to Florida, to play Miami High School in the Orange Bowl stadium. The Knights, used to playing in cool autumnal or cold winter weather, lost to Miami High with the temperature exceeding 90 °F.[12] After the season, Lawrence and his long-time assistant, Otts Helms joined the war effort; Helms was a captain in the Army and Lawrence served as a lieutenant in the Navy for the remainder of World War II. In 1947, Lawrence became the head coach at Bucknell University where future City College head football coach, George Young, played for him in the early 1950s.[13]

Andy Defassio was hired as the head coach in 1950, his assistant coach that first year was Robert Lumsden. Lumsden soon left to take over the head coaching duties at Poly, under its legendary coach Bob Lumsden, dominated City and Maryland football during the 1950s with City unable to win any of the rivalry games during that decade.

The George Young era

The trend would reverse again as George Young took over the coaching duties in 1959. Young had actually been a history teacher at City, but an assistant coach at rival Calvert Hall College. Young brought discipline back to the practice field and an emphasis on grades. He also brought in young aggressive special teams coaches Joe Brune, Bob Patzwall, Mel Filler, and Ed Novak; all of whom would become head coaches later in their careers with Brune coaching the Loyola Dons for more than 25 years.

Young's summer camps were brutal with an emphasis on running and conditioning as opposed to tackling and kicking. Young's teams won 6 of the 8 games he coached against Poly during the 1960s and six MSA championships.[2] One of the most memorable City–Poly games occurred on Thanksgiving Day 1965, at Baltimore's Memorial Stadium, with some 25,000 fans and alumni in attendance. City beat Poly 52–6, and completed a 10–0 season with the team being ranked eighth in the nation by a national sports poll.[14] The 52 points scored by City are the most points scored by either team during the rivalry.[15] Two Knights from that game, Sykes and Person went on to the National Football League; former Baltimore Mayor Kurt Schmoke was the quarterback and Maryland Delegate Curt Anderson was the captain of that team.

The tradition of the game being played on Thanksgiving ended in 1992 when Baltimore City public schools sports programs moved to the Maryland Public Secondary Schools Athletic Association (MPSSAA). Football playoffs for the MPSSAA generally start in the second week of November. The City-Poly game is now played the first week of November at the home of the Baltimore Ravens, M&T Bank Stadium, in downtown Baltimore.

The George Petrides era
The Knights on defense vs. Poly, 1994

George Petrides, a 1967 City College graduate, served as head football coach from 1975 until he retired in 2015.[16] His 40-year tenure was longer than the previous 10 coaches combined. During the 1960s, Petrides played on City College teams that never lost a game, but at the beginning of his coaching career, he was faced with almost impossible circumstances. The City College main academic building was being renovated forcing enrollment to plummet and the student body to take courses at the old Poly building on North Avenue in midtown Baltimore. The athletic practice field was two miles (3 km) away, and in 1979 Petrides was forced to use his junior varsity team to play Poly's varsity because of the dwindling enrollment.[17] The Castle on the Hill reopened in 1978 but the Knights did not manage a win against Poly again until 1987.

During the 1990s, a rebirth of City College football dominance occurred. During that time, Petrides and his top assistant coach Angelo Geppi led the team through a 29-game winning streak, the longest consecutive winning streak in the history of Maryland high school football.[18] Petrides and Geppi also led the team to two consecutive MSA-A Conference championships in 1991 and 1992.[18]

In 1993, Baltimore City Schools withdrew from the MSA to join the other public schools in the state in the Maryland Public Secondary Schools Athletic Association (MPSSAA).[19] The move meant that City College could compete in a statewide play-off system and perhaps earn a state championship, but because of scheduling conflicts with the state playoffs, City would have to hold its traditional game against Poly three weeks before Thanksgiving.

On September 11, 2006, Petrides was honored as the Baltimore Ravens High School Coach of the Week for the third time.[16] Less than a month later, City and Poly clashed in the 118th City–Poly football game.[15] Petrides' Black Knights beat Poly 44-8, won the Baltimore City championship, and finished the 2006 season 11-1, but lost the Maryland state class 3A North championship game, 7-6.[20]

On August 5, 2015, Petrides announced that he was retiring as the head football coach. During his 40 years at the helm of the football program, Petrides' teams racked up 257 wins, 141 losses, and one tie.[21] Petrides' teams won five Maryland Scholastic Association championships and two Baltimore City Division I titles. He led the Knights to perfect seasons in 1987, 1991 and 1992.[22]

Varsity head coaches
George Petrides, Baltimore City College head football coach 1975-2015

The following men served as head coaches during the years specified.[2]

  • Hay Eichelberger 1904-1907
  • Captain Steinbacker 1908-1909
  • D. Claude Stonecipher 1910-1911
  • Harry (Dutch) Ruhle 1912-1914
  • Michael J. Thompson 1915-1916
  • Ferdinand Bonnette 1917
  • Herb Armstrong 1918
  • John Coulbourn 1919-1921
  • Chester H. Katenkamp 1922
  • Henry "Pop" Goodard 1923-1928
  • Vic Schmid 1929-1930
  • David Kaufman 1931-1933
  • Harry Lawrence 1934-1941
  
  • Charles Hirschauer 1942-1944
  • Charley Rudo 1945
  • Harry Lawrence 1946
  • Otts Helms 1947-1949
  • Andy Defassio 1950-1951
  • Otts Helm 1952-1953
  • Frank Lee 1954-1958
  • George Young 1959-1967
  • Robert Patzwall 1968
  • Robert Terpening 1969-1970
  • Ron Chartrand 1971-1974
  • George Petrides 1975–2015
  • Daryl Wade 2015–2017
  • Mike Hamilton 2017-

Players in the NFL

Over the years,7 City College football players have gone on to play in the National Football League:

Past seasons results, standings

City-Poly rivalry, results and notes (City leads the series 63-62-6)


The City–Poly football rivalry is the oldest American football rivalry in Maryland and one of the oldest public school rivalries in the U.S.—predated by the rivalry between the Boston Latin School and the English High School of Boston.[116] The rivalry began in 1889, when a dominant team from Baltimore City College (City) met a team from the Baltimore Polytechnic Institute (Poly), and has continued annually.[116] On Nov. 2, 2019 City beat Poly 10-6 and now leads the series: 63-62-6.

Early years

Little is known of the first American football game between Baltimore Polytechnic Institute (Poly) and Baltimore City College (City) in 1889, except that a JV team from Poly met City, in Clifton Park and City emerged the victor. City continued to win against Poly through 1901, however in 1902, for the only time in history of the series no game was played; though, in 1931, an extra game was played to compensate.[3] Between 1903 and 1906, City won the series, but the tide turned in 1907, when the first tie in the series occurred.[117] The next year Poly scored its first victory in the rivalry.[117]

1910s and 1920s

Poly dominated the series in the 1910s. The only year of the decade that City won was 1912,[7] and between 1914 and 1917, Poly shut out City. Poly's streak continued through 1921, completing a nine-year winning streak, which City broke in 1922 with a 27–0 victory.[118]

In 1926, one of the most famous City-Poly games was played. Prior to the game, the eligibility of City's halfback, Mickey Noonen, was challenged. A committee was formed to investigate Noonen's eligibility, but Noonen's father—frustrated with the investigation—struck one of the members of the committee. The result was that Noonen was not only barred from the team, but also expelled from the Baltimore City school system.[119] In spite of Noonen's removal, the two teams met at the Baltimore Stadium with 20,000 fans in attendance. The game remained scoreless well into the fourth quarter. Finally, Poly's Harry Lawerence—who later became a coach at City—kicked a successful field goal from the 30 yard leading to a 3–0 victory over City.[116]

1930s and 1940s
Future Baltimore mayor, Kurt Schmoke (#10), throws a pass at the 1965 City-Poly game

The 1930s ushered in a period of resurgence for the City team. Poly, which had dominated in the previous two decades, only picked up two wins in the 1930s.[7] In 1934, Harry Lawrence, who had kicked the winning field goal against City in 1926, became the head coach at his former rival.[120] Lawrence led City to a series of victories over Poly through the 1930s and early 1940s. In 1944, the game, which had been played on the Saturday following Thanksgiving, was moved to Thanksgiving Day. The change was the result of a scheduling conflict with the Army–Navy Game.[121] The game remained on Thanksgiving Day for nearly 50 years.

Lumsden and Young: 1950s and 1960s

In the 1950s, Poly under its legendary coach, Bob Lumsden for whom Poly's football stadium is named, won five straight games against City and won 9 out of the 10 games of the decade. Lumsden finished with 11–7 record against City, when he retired as head coach at Poly in 1966. In 1962, Lumsden coached 9-0 Poly to the unofficial National High School Championship Game at the Orange Bowl in Miami against the Miami High Stingarees. Miami defeated the Engineers by a score of 19-7. However, Poly's fortunes changed in the 1960s, while City was coached by George Young. Young coached his teams to six wins over Poly and as many state championships.[122] One of Young's most memorable victories occurred on Thanksgiving Day 1965 at Memorial Stadium, when undefeated City beat undefeated Poly 52–6.[15]

1970s–present

Throughout the 1970s and well into the 1980s, Poly controlled the series. City lost a total of 17 consecutive games to Poly, before winning in 1987.[116] Poly's dominance during this period is the longest winning streak in the series. In 1993, the Baltimore City public schools withdrew from the Maryland State Athletic association and joined the Maryland Public Secondary Schools Athletic Association (MPSSAA).[123] This change meant that the football season would end earlier forcing Poly and City to move their game from Thanksgiving Day to the first Saturday in November.

Notes
  1. Escolona, Eduardo, editor (1933). The 1933 Green Bag. p. 105.
  2. Marudas, Kyriakos (1988). The City-Poly Game. Baltimore: Gateway Press. p. 66.
  3. Leonhart (1939), p. 219.
  4. Hobbs, G. Warfield, Jr., editor (1896). The 1896 Green Bag. p. 68.
  5. Singley, Frederick J., editor (1897). The 1897 Green Bag. p. 77.
  6. Patterson, Ted (2000). Football in Baltimore: History and Memorabilia. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 7. ISBN 0-8018-6424-0.
  7. Leonhart (1939), p. 229.
  8. "City Out to Avenge Last Year's Defeat". The Collegian. Baltimore, Md. 1 (3). 1929-10-17.
  9. Marudas (1988), p. 13.
  10. Hamill, Walter Ward, editor (1937). The 1937 Green Bag. Baltimore: The 1937 Senior Class.
  11. Harris, Murray, editor (1940). The 1940 Green Bag. Baltimore: The 1940 Senior Class.
  12. Marudas (1988), p. 21.
  13. "Coaches: Harry L. Lawrence,'51". Bucknell University. Retrieved 2007-11-11.
  14. Strasburger, Victor, editor (1967). The 1967 Green Bag. p. 19.
  15. DiBlasi, Joe (2006-11-09). "City-Poly". Word Smith Media Ventures. Archived from the original on 2007-09-28. Retrieved 2007-07-26.
  16. "George Petrides of Baltimore City College Honored as Ravens HS Coach of the Week - September 11, 2006". National Football League. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. Retrieved 2006-09-19.
  17. Danneker (1988) pg. 87
  18. Kane, Gregory (2001-02-10). "Speaking of streaks, this one's even longer". The Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on 2007-09-30. Retrieved 2007-07-26.
  19. "About the MIAA". Maryland Interscholastic Athletic Association. Archived from the original on 17 August 2007. Retrieved 2007-08-13.
  20. "City College Knights". mdvarsity.com. Retrieved 2007-08-13.
  21. "Long Time City College Coach George Petrides retires". Baltimore Sun. Retrieved 2015-08-12.
  22. http://www.varsitysportsnetwork.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=15344%3Aend-of-an-era-on-the-castle-&catid=31%3Afeature&Itemid=20
  23. "Bob Baldwin". databaseFootball.com. Archived from the original on 2011-11-23. Retrieved 2007-08-04.
  24. "Ara Person". databaseFootball.com. Archived from the original on 2007-09-30. Retrieved 2007-08-04.
  25. "John Sykes". databaseFootball.com. Archived from the original on 2007-09-29. Retrieved 2007-06-21.
  26. "Tom Gatewood". databaseFootball.com. Archived from the original on 2007-09-30. Retrieved 2007-08-04.
  27. Leonhart (1939), p.200.
  28. Leonhart (1939), p.186.
  29. Byrne, Harry Stevenson, chief editor (1898). The 1898 Green Bag. pp. .
  30. Leonhart (1939), p.202.
  31. Leonhart (1939), p.203.
  32. Leonhart (1939), p.198.
  33. Leonhart (1939), p.204.
  34. Patterson, Ted (2000). Football In Baltimore. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 304. ISBN 0-8018-6424-0. Retrieved 2008-07-26.
  35. Leonhart (1939), p.205.
  36. Leonhart (1939), p.205-206.
  37. Leonhart (1939), p.206.
  38. Leonhart (1939), p.206-207.
  39. Leonhart (1939), p.207.
  40. Leonhart (1939), p.208.
  41. Leonhart (1939), p.209.
  42. Leonhart (1939), p.210.
  43. Leonhart (1939), p.211.
  44. Kronsberg, Milton, editor (1928). The 1928 Green Bag. pp. 259–270.
  45. Leonhart (1939), p.212.
  46. Nachlas, Morton, editor (1930). The 1930 Green Bag. pp. 175–185.
  47. Rosenbaum, Herbert, editor (1931). The 1931 Green Bag. p. 179.
  48. Freed, Arnold V., editor (1932). The 1932 Green Bag. p. 168.
  49. Goldsmith, Jewett, editor (1934). The 1934 Green Bag. p. 95.
  50. Horn, George, editor (1935). The 1935 Green Bag. p. 85.
  51. Leonhart (1939), p.214
  52. Hamill, Walter Ward, editor (1937). The 1937 Green Bag.
  53. Leonhart (1939), p.215
  54. Leonhart (1939), p.217
  55. Harris, Murray R., editor (1940). The 1940 Green Bag. p. 114.
  56. Chesney, Robert (1941). The 1941 Green Bag. p. 145.
  57. Katz, Hy, co-editor; Bill Groom (1942). The 1942 Green Bag.
  58. Katz, Hy, co-editor; Sol Flam (1943). The 1943 Green Bag. p. 74.
  59. Ginsberg, Leonard, editor (1944). The 1944 Green Bag. pp. 70–71.
  60. Caplan, Robert S., co-editor; Leon Greenberg (1945). The 1945 Green Bag. p. 102.
  61. Easson, Graeme, editor (1946). The 1946 Green Bag. p. 86.
  62. Duvall, R. Lee, editor (1947). The 1947 Green Bag. pp. 33–34.
  63. Offit, Benson, editor (1948). The 1947 Green Bag.
  64. Greenberg, Lvon, editor (1950). The 1950 Green Bag. p. 58.
  65. Sax, Daniel, editor (1950). The 1950 Green Bag. p. 100.
  66. Silverwood, Harry, editor (1952). The 1952 Green Bag.
  67. Mogel, Ronald, chairman (1953). The 1953 Green Bag.
  68. Sirota, Wilbert, editor (1954). The 1954 Green Bag. pp. 106–111.
  69. Becker, John W., co-editor; Frank M. Waldorf (1955). The 1955 Green Bag. p. 38.
  70. Walt, E. Millard editor (1956). The 1956 Green Bag.
  71. Feinberg, Rober co-editor; Charles Roebuck (1957). The 1957 Green Bag.
  72. Paritzky, Zorel, editor (1959). The 1959 Green Bag. p. 55.
  73. Wolfe, Murray, editor (1961). The 1961 Green Bag. p. 60.
  74. Levin, Fred., editor (1962). The 1962 Green Bag. p. 47.
  75. Schultz, Michael J., editor (1963). The 1963 Green Bag.
  76. Konig, David, editor (1964). The 1964 Green Bag. p. 69.
  77. Schmerler, George, editor (1966). The 1966 Green Bag. p. 88.
  78. Strasberger (1967), p.73.
  79. Berzofsky, Michael, editor (1968). The 1968 Green Bag. p. 81.
  80. Bondroff, Daniel, editor (1969). The 1969 Green Bag. pp. 57–60.
  81. Bosk, Harry, editor (1970). The 1970 Green Bag. p. 95.
  82. Lawrence, Edward, editor (1974). The 1974 Green Bag. p. 83.
  83. Wiggins, Edward, editor (1975). The 1975 Green Bag.
  84. Wiggins, Edward, editor (1976). The 1976 Green Bag. p. 56.
  85. Cook, Michael, editor (1978). The 1977-78 Green Bag.
  86. Dixon, Joseph V., editor (1979). The 1979 Green Bag.
  87. Sindelar, Robert, editor (1982). The 1982 Green Bag. p. 78.
  88. Mayer, Rus, editor (1984). The 1984 Green Bag. p. 92.
  89. Kargon, Dina, editor (1985). The 1985 Green Bag. p. 85.
  90. Arenson, Dana, editor (1986). The 1986 Green Bag.
  91. Gerstenberger, Lara, editor (1987). The 1987 Green Bag. p. 82.
  92. White, Stefan, editor (1988). The 1988 Green Bag. p. 78.
  93. Goldberg, David, co-editor; David Rubin (1989). The 1989 Green Bag. p. 138.
  94. George, Christa, editor (1990). The 1990 Green Bag. p. 78.
  95. Alt, Daniel, editor (1991). The 1991 Green Bag. p. 109.
  96. Bryant, Becky, editor (1992). The 1992 Green Bag. p. 80.
  97. Lyles, Damien, co-editor; Daniel Corcoran (1993). The 1993 Green Bag. p. 63.
  98. "MPSSA Football Championships Tournament History" (PDF). Maryland Public Secondary Schools Athletic Association. Retrieved 2007-09-15.
  99. Bryant, David, editor (1994). The 1994 Green Bag. p. 65.
  100. Tanner, Kwame, staff (1998). The 1998 Green Bag.
  101. Howard, Christopher, editor (1998). The 1998 Green Bag.
  102. Howard, Christopher, co-editor; Michelle Hudnall (2000). The 2000 Green Bag. p. 109.
  103. Alum, editor (2001). The 2001 Green Bag. 105.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
  104. Class of 2003, editor (2003). The 2003 Green Bag. p. 49.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
  105. Chaffin, Nicole, editor (2003). The 2003 Green Bag. p. 49.
  106. Troxler, Ashley, staff (2004). The 2004 Green Bag.
  107. "City College Knights: 2006". MDvarsit.com. Retrieved 2007-09-15.
  108. "City College Knights: 2005". MDvarsit.com.com. Retrieved 2007-09-15.
  109. "City College Knights: 2006". MDvarsit.com.com. Retrieved 2007-09-15.
  110. "City College: Boys HIGH SCHOOL Football Fall 07-08". MaxPreps.com. Retrieved 2007-09-19.
  111. Saye, Hyman, editor (1925). The 1925 Green Bag.
  112. Offit, Benson, editor (1948). The 1948 Green Bag.
  113. Jackson, James B. (1965-11-26). "Unbeaten City Deals Poly First Loss 52–6". Baltimore Sun.
  114. Mills, Keith (2007-11-08). "City vs. Poly: Tradition Time Is Here Again". The Press Box. Retrieved 2009-08-29.
  115. Mills, Keith. "City vs. Poly: Tradition Time Is Here Again". Press Box Preps. Retrieved 2009-04-26.
  116. Patterson (2000), p. 7.
  117. Leonhart (1939), p. 221.
  118. Leonhart (1939) p. 224.
  119. Leonhart (1939), p. 225–226.
  120. Leonhart (1939), p. 227.
  121. Patterson (2000), p. 8.
  122. Marudas, Kyriakos (1988). The City-Poly Game. Baltimore: Gateway Press. p. 66.
  123. Mills, Keith (2007-11-08). "Poly vs. City: Tradition Time Is Here Again". Word Smith Media Ventures, LLC. Archived from the original on 5 December 2007. Retrieved 2007-11-09.
gollark: You can make the bath contain plasma *and* neutron fluid *and* liquid helium, so it cancels out.
gollark: Idea: fusion plasma bathing experience.
gollark: I just run all my reactors so that they need no manual intervention at all.
gollark: Oh dear.
gollark: Well, doesn't matter, same fixed fuel energy.

References
  • Daneker, David C., editor (1988). 150 Years of the Baltimore City College. Baltimore: Baltimore City College Alumni Association. p. 58.
  • Leonhart, James Chancellor (1939). One Hundred Years Of Baltimore City College. Baltimore: H.G. Roebuck & Son. p. 20.
  • Marudas, Kyriakos (1988). The City-Poly Game. Baltimore: Gateway Press. p. 66.
  • Sirota, Wilbert, editor; Neil Bernstein (1954). The Green Bag 1954. Baltimore: Baltimore City College Class of 1954. p. 196.
  • Strasburger, Victor, editor (1967). The 1967 Green Bag. Baltimore. p. 199.
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