Back-Fusion

Back-fusion is the fusion of internal (intraluminal) vesicles within multivesicular bodies or late endosomes with the endosome’s limiting membrane. The process is believed to be mediated by lysobiphosphatidic acid (LBPA), phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate, Alix, and an apparent dependence on an acidic pH.[1] MHC class 2 and other proteins (CD63 and MPR) utilize such a process to effectively transport to locations in the cytosol and back to the plasma membrane. However, pathogens also exploit this mechanism to efficiently enter the cytosol of the cell (e.g. VSV, anthrax).[2] Unlike regular fusion in the cell between endosomes and organelles, back-fusion requires the exoplasmic leaflets of the internal vesicles and outer membrane to fuse - similar to sperm-egg fusion.

Notes
  1. Miaczynska, M; Stenmark, H (January 2008). "Mechanisms and functions of endocytosis". Journal of Cell Biology. 180 (1): 7–11. doi:10.1083/jcb.200711073. PMC 2213624. PMID 18195098.
  2. Gruenberg, J; van der Goot, FG (July 2006). "Mechanisms of pathogen entry through the endosomal compartments". Journal of Cell Biology. 7 (7): 495–504. doi:10.1038/nrm1959. PMID 16773132.
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