BMW OHV V8 engine

The BMW OHV V8 is an overhead valve V8 petrol engine produced from 1954 to 1965. It is BMW's first V8 engine, and BMW did not produce another V8 automobile engine until the BMW M60 in 1992.

BMW OHV V8 engine
3.2-liter M503/1
Overview
Production1954–1965
Layout
Configuration90° V8
Displacement2.6–3.2 L (159–195 cu in)
Block materialAluminium
Head materialAluminium
ValvetrainOHV
Combustion
Fuel typePetrol
Chronology
PredecessorNone
SuccessorBMW M60

The engine does not have an official model code,[1] therefore it is often identified through being the only overhead valve ("OHV") V8 engine produced by BMW, since all other BMW V8 engines use a dual overhead camshaft valvetrain.

Although not a direct replacement, in 1965 the six-cylinder BMW M30 engine took the OHV V8's place at the top of BMW's engine range.

Development
BMW 502
The M502/1 engine in a 1957 BMW 502

The BMW 501, which began production in 1952, was the first car produced by BMW after World War II. It was powered by the 2.0 L (122 cu in) BMW M337 straight-six engine[2](p46)[3] (based on the pre-war BMW M78 engine), which struggled with the 1,285 kg (2,833 lb) mass of the 501. The competing Mercedes-Benz W187 was powered by a larger 2.2 L (134 cu in) engine, which provided superior performance.[2](p46)

However, BMW had been developing a V8 engine since 1949,[2](p46) which was produced in 2.6 L (159 cu in) and 3.2 L (195 cu in) capacities. The design was finalized by Fritz Fiedler when he returned to BMW in 1952.[4](p90)

In 1954, the V8 engine was introduced (in 2.6 Litre form) in the BMW 502 - a higher specification version of the 501. In 1955, the 3.2 Litre version of the engine was introduced in the BMW 3.2, which was based on the 502.

Design

At the time, unique features of the BMW OHV V8 included the aluminium construction of the block and head, and a coolant passage design that increased the block stiffness over typical engines with wet cylinder liners.[2](p48) The layout of the engine is a 90° V8 with cast iron wet liners and stiffening webs between the cylinders.[2](p48) Apart from the materials, the engine was similar in overall design to the Cadillac OHV V8 and Oldsmobile V8 engine of the late 1940s, with a central camshaft using pushrods to operating overhead valves in crossflow cylinder heads with wedge-shaped combustion chambers.[4](p90)[2](p48)

The 2,580 cc (157.4 cu in) versions have a bore of 74 mm (2.91 in) and a stroke of 75 mm (2.95 in). Initially, this engine used a two barrel Solex 30 PAAJ carburettor, a compression ratio of 7.0:1[4](p91)[2](p49) and had a power output of 75 kW (100 bhp).

The extra capacity of the 3,168 cc (193.3 cu in) version was achieved by increasing the bore to 82 mm (3.23 in). The larger engine initially used a single 32 mm (1.3 in) Zenith carburettor, a compression ratio of 7.2:1 and produced 89 kW (120 bhp). The highest power output version of the BMW OHV V8 produced 119 kW (160 bhp) and was used in the 3200 S released in 1961.[4](p93)

Versions

The following is a summary of the engine's versions.[5][6](p508)

EngineDisplacementPowerTorqueYears
M502/12,580 cc (157.4 cu in)75 kW (100 bhp)
at 4,800 rpm		184 N⋅m (136 lb⋅ft)
at 2,500 rpm		1954–1961
M502/100185 N⋅m (136 lb⋅ft)
at 2,500 rpm		1961–1963
M502/110,
M533		82 kW (110 bhp)
at 4,900 rpm		186 N⋅m (137 lb⋅ft)
at 3,000 rpm
M506/13,168 cc (193.3 cu in)89 kW (120 bhp)
at 4,900 rpm		214 N⋅m (158 lb⋅ft)
at 2,500 rpm		1955-1961
M506/140,
M534		104 kW (140 bhp)
at 5,400 rpm		242 N⋅m (178 lb⋅ft)
at 3,000 rpm		1961-1963
M503/1104 kW (140 bhp)
at 4,800 rpm		220 N⋅m (162 lb⋅ft)
at 3,800 rpm		1956-1961
M507/1112 kW (150 bhp)
at 5,000 rpm		240 N⋅m (177 lb⋅ft)
at 4,000 rpm		1956-1959
M503/160,
M532		119 kW (160 bhp)
at 5,600 rpm		245 N⋅m (181 lb⋅ft)
at 3,600 rpm		1961-1963

M502/1

The original 2.6 L (2,580 cc) version of the engine was developed for the BMW 502 and was introduced with it in 1954.[2](p48)[4](p92) The compression ratio is 7.0:1 and it uses a Solex 30 PAAJ carburettor.

In 1958, the 501 V8 and 502 were renamed the 2.6 and 2.6 Luxus respectively, with no changes in engine specification.[4](pp250–251)

Applications:[5]

  • 1954-1958 BMW 502 — 75 kW (100 hp)
  • 1955-1958 BMW 501 V8 — 71 kW (95 bhp).[4](pp250–251)
  • 1958-1961 BMW 2.6 — 71 kW (95 bhp)
  • 1958-1961 BMW 2.6 Luxus — 75 kW (100 bhp)

M502/100, M502/110 and M533

In the summer of 1961, the 2.6 L (2,580 cc) engines were uprated with the Zenith 32 NDIX carburetor from the earlier 3.2 L (3,168 cc) engines and a 7.5:1 compression ratio. With this upgrade, the 2.6 became the 2600 and the 2.6 Luxus became the 2600 L. These cars continued in production until December 1963[5]

In 1963, the 2600 L was produced with the gearbox directly mounted to the engine.[6](p151) This version of the engine is known as the M533.

Applications:[5]

M506/1

The 3,168 cc (193.3 cu in) engine was developed in 1956, and was offered in the 502-based "BMW 3.2" sedan.[7][4](p93) The compression ratio is 7.2:1 and it uses a Zenith 32 NDIX carburettor.

Applications:

M503/1 and M507/1

BMW's V8 sports models, the 503 and 507, used M503/1 and M507/1 engines respectively, each with a pair of Zenith 32 NDIX two-barrel carburetors. With these, and a compression ratio of 7.5:1, the 503's engine produced 104 kW (140 bhp) at 5000 rpm. The tuning of the 507's engine went further, with high-lift cams, a different spark advance curve, polished combustion chamber surfaces, and a compression ratio of 7.8:1, producing 112 kW (150 bhp) at 5000 rpm.[4](p113) Both models were discontinued in March 1959.[4](p115)

The twin-carburetor engine from the 503 was used in the 502-based 3.2 Super from 1957 to 1961.[8]

Applications:[6](p508)

M506/140, M503/160, M532 and M534

In 1961, the "BMW 3.2" and "BMW 3.2 Super" sedans were replaced by the "BMW 3200 L" and "BMW 3200 S" sedans, with the engines upgraded to the M506/140 and M503/160 respectively.[4](p93) The increase in power came from larger Zenith 36 NDIX carburetors and a compression ratio of 9.0:1.[9]

From 1963, the versions of the M503/160 and M506/140 with the gearbox directly mounted to the engine were called the M532 and M534 respectively.[6](p151)

Production of V8 sedans ended in 1963,[4](p93) but the engine from the 3200 S was used in the 3200 CS coupé from January 1962 to September 1965.[4](pp131–132)

Applications:[4](p93) [6](p508)[4](pp131–132)

Use by other manufacturers
Frazer Nash Continental

Frazer-Nash Continental
Main article: Frazer-Nash

Frazer-Nash was an importer of BMW cars into the United Kingdom and had used the Bristol straight-six engine, which was based on the BMW M328. The BMW OHV V8 was fitted to the Frazer Nash Continental model.[10] The Continental was intended to be available with either the 2.6 or 3.2-litre V8, but only a single prototype was ever made, with the 3.2 engine. It was the last car Frazer-Nash made.[11](p74)

Talbot-Lago America
Talbot-Lago T14 LS
Main article: Talbot-Lago

The 1955 Talbot-Lago Sport was originally powered by Talbot's own 2.5 Litre four-cylinder engine. In 1957, due to reliability problems, Talbot switched over to the BMW OHV V8 and renamed the car the Talbot-Lago America.[12]

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References
  1. "BMW 502 saloon model selection". www.realoem.com. Retrieved 28 May 2017.
  2. Noakes, Andrew (2005). The Ultimate History of BMW. Bath, UK: Parragon Publishing. ISBN 1-4054-5316-8.
  3. "1952 BMW 501". www.globalcar.com. Archived from the original on 2 December 2013.
  4. Norbye, Jan P. (1984). BMW - Bavaria's Driving Machines. Skokie, IL, USA: Publications International. ISBN 0-517-42464-9.
  5. "BMW Classic- Recherche-Client". www.bmw-grouparchiv.de (in German). With searches for individual models. Retrieved 9 June 2017.
  6. Lange, Karlheinz (2000). BMW Dimensions: The History of Engines - Engines That Made History 1945-2000. ISBN 3932169050.
  7. "BMW 501 V8 / 502". www.motorbase.com. Archived from the original on 6 June 2011.
  8. "BMW 502 Limousine". www.bmw-classic.com (in German). Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 9 June 2017.
  9. "Betribsanleitung BMW 2600, 2600 L, 3200 L, 3200 S". bmw-grouparchiv.de (in German). Retrieved 7 June 2017.
  10. "Snapshot From 1960". www.curbsideclassic.com. Retrieved 9 June 2017.
  11. Gunnell, John (2004). Standard Guide to British Sports Cars. Iola, WI USA: Krause Publications. pp. 73–75. ISBN 0-87349-757-0.
  12. "Lost Marques: Talbot Lago". www.ucapusa.com. Retrieved 9 June 2017.
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