BBCH-scale (peanut)
In biology, the BBCH-scale for peanut describes the phenological development of peanuts using the BBCH-scale.
The phenological growth stages and BBCH-identification keys of peanuts are:
Growth stage | Code | Description |
---|---|---|
0: Germination | 00 | Dry seed |
01 | Beginning of seed imbibition | |
03 | Seed imbibition complete | |
05 | Radicle emerged from seed | |
07 | Hypocotyl with cotyledons breaking through seed coat | |
08 | Hypocotyl reaches the soil surface; hypocotyl arch visible | |
09 | Emergence: hypocotyl with cotyledons arising above soil surface (“cracking stage”) | |
1: Leaf development (main shoot) | 10 | Cotyledons completely unfolded1 |
11 | First true leaf (pinnate) unfolded1 | |
12 | 2nd true leaf (pinnate) unfolded1 | |
13 | 3rd true leaf (pinnate) unfolded1 | |
1 . | Stages continuous till . . . | |
19 | 9 or more true leaves unfolded.1 No side shoots visible2 | |
2: Formation of side shoots3 | 21 | 1st side shoot visible |
22 | 2nd side shoot visible | |
23 | 3rd side shoot visible | |
2 . | Stages continuous till . . . | |
29 | 9 or more side shoots visible | |
3: Main stem elongation (Crop cover) | 31 | Beginning of crop cover: 10% of plants meets between rows |
32 | 20% of plants meets between rows | |
33 | 30% of plants meets between rows | |
34 | 40% of plants meets between rows | |
35 | 50% of plants meets between rows | |
36 | 60% of plants meets between rows | |
37 | 70% of plants meets between rows | |
38 | 80% of plants meets between rows | |
39 | Crop cover complete: 90% of plants meets between rows | |
5: Inflorescence emergence | 51 | First inflorescence buds visible |
55 | First individual flower buds visible | |
59 | First flower petals visible. Flower buds still closed | |
6: Flowering | 61 | Beginning of flowering |
62 | First carpophore pegs visible | |
63 | Continuation of flowering | |
64 | First carpophore pegs visibly elongated | |
65 | Full flowering | |
66 | First carpophore pegs penetrating the soil | |
67 | Flowering declining4 | |
68 | Tip of first carpophore pegs growing horizontally in the soil | |
69 | End of flowering4 | |
7: Development of fruits and seeds | 71 | Beginning of pod development: tip of first carpophore pegs swollen (at least twice the original diameter) |
73 | Continuation of pod development: beginning of pod filling: first pods have attained final size and are ripening | |
75 | Main phase of pod development: continuation of pod filling | |
77 | Advanced pod filling | |
79 | Fresh seeds fill the cavity of the pods which have attained their final size | |
8: Ripening of fruits and seeds5 | 81 | Beginning of ripening: about 10% of pods developed to final size are ripe |
82 | About 20% of pods developed to final size are ripe | |
83 | Continuation of ripening: about 30% of pods developed to final size are ripe | |
84 | About 40% of pods developed to final size are ripe | |
85 | Main phase of ripening: about 50% of pods developed to final size are ripe | |
86 | About 60% of pods developed to final size are ripe | |
87 | Advanced ripening: about 70% of pods developed to final size are ripe | |
88 | About 80% of pods developed to final size are ripe | |
89 | Full maturity: nearly all pods developed to final size are ripe | |
9: Senescence | 91 | About 10% of above ground parts of plant dry |
92 | About 40% of above ground parts of plant dry | |
93 | About 30% of above ground parts of plant dry | |
94 | About 40% of above ground parts of plant dry | |
95 | About 50% of above ground parts of plant dry | |
96 | About 60% of above ground parts of plant dry | |
97 | Above ground parts of plant dead | |
99 | Harvested product |
1 Leaves are counted from the cotyledon node (= node 0)
2 Side shoot development may occur earlier; in this case continue with principal growth stage 2
4 Only for varieties with a determinate flowering period
5 Criteria of maturity: Pericarp hard, with distinct texture, can be split open easily;
References
Munger, L.; H. Bleiholder; H. Hack; M. Hess; R. Stauss; T. van den Boom; E. Weber (1998). "Phenological Growth Stages of the Peanut plant (Arachis hypogaea L.) Codification and Description according to the BBCH Scale – with figures". Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science. 180 (2): 101–107. doi:10.1111/j.1439-037X.1998.tb00377.x.