Autograph

An autograph is a person's own handwriting or signature. The word autograph comes from Ancient Greek (αὐτός, autós, "self" and γράφω, gráphō, "write"), and can mean more specifically:[1][2]

a manuscript written by the author of its content.[1][2] In this meaning the term autograph can often be used interchangeably with holograph.[1][3]
a celebrity's handwritten signature.[2] Autograph collecting is the activity of collecting such autographs.[1]

"B-A-C-H is beginning and end of all music", signed autograph document by Max Reger (dated 7 May 1912)

History

What might be considered the oldest "autograph" is a Sumerian clay table from about 3100 BC which includes the name of the scribe Gar.Ama.[4] No ancient written autographs have been found, and the earliest one known for a major historical figure is that of El Cid from 1098.[5]

Autograph manuscript

"Autograph" can refer to a document transcribed entirely in the handwriting of its author, as opposed to a typeset document or one written by an amanuensis or a copyist. This meaning overlaps that of "holograph".[3]

Celebrity's signature

John Hancock's signature on the United States Declaration of Independence

Autograph collecting is the hobby of collecting autographs of famous persons.[1] Some of the most popular categories of autograph subjects are presidents, military soldiers, athletes, movie stars, artists, social and religious leaders, scientists, astronauts, and authors.

gollark: <@!259973943060856833> Like what?

gollark: WRONG!

gollark: PotatOS is able to make omnidisks somewhat unduplicateable, *but* that only works because their value comes from being cryptographically signed and able to run in privileged mode on potatOS - you can run them anywhere else, it just won't be useful.

gollark: Anyway, you can't really copy-protect software in CC. At all. The best you can do is use a bunch of obfuscation techniques together to make it mildly hard to do anything with it, and add some code to check computer ID or something.

gollark: I really ought to move to osmarks.net or something for critical services like the potatOS backend servers.

References

Thompson, Edward Maunde (1911). "Autographs" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 45–47.
Gove, Philip B. (ed.), 1981. Webster's Third New International Dictionary, p. 147. ISBN 0-87779-206-2
Tomita, Yo (2016). "Autographs, Copies and Original Manuscripts". In Leaver, Robin A. (ed.). The Routledge Research Companion to Johann Sebastian Bach. Taylor & Francis. pp. 52–54. ISBN 9781315452807.
"The Earliest Autograph Signatures (Circa 3,100 BCE) : HistoryofInformation.com".
Fletcher, Richard A. (1 January 1989). "The Quest for El Cid". Oxford University Press – via Google Books.

External links

The Autograph at the HathiTrust Digital Library (early 20th-century periodical, full view)

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[EB1911-1] Thompson, Edward Maunde (1911). "Autographs" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 45–47.

[Webster's-2] Gove, Philip B. (ed.), 1981. Webster's Third New International Dictionary, p. 147. ISBN 0-87779-206-2

[Tomita-3] Tomita, Yo (2016). "Autographs, Copies and Original Manuscripts". In Leaver, Robin A. (ed.). The Routledge Research Companion to Johann Sebastian Bach. Taylor & Francis. pp. 52–54. ISBN 9781315452807.

[4] "The Earliest Autograph Signatures (Circa 3,100 BCE) : HistoryofInformation.com".

[5] Fletcher, Richard A. (1 January 1989). "The Quest for El Cid". Oxford University Press – via Google Books.