Australian Army Cadets

The Australian Army Cadets (AAC) is the youth military program and organisation of the Australian Army, tasked with supporting participants to contribute to society, fostering interest in Defence Force careers, and developing support for the Force.[1] The program has more than 19,000 Army Cadets between the ages of 13 and 18 based in more than 200 units around Australia.[2] The values of the AAC are "Courage, Initiative, Teamwork and Respect".[3]

Australian Army Cadets
Active1906–present
Country Australia
RoleYouth military organisation
Motto(s)Courage, Initiative, Teamwork, Respect
Websitearmycadets.gov.au
Commanders
CommanderMichael Ashleigh
Deputy CommanderMitchell Kent

The cadet programme has strong links to the Australian Army and is a part of the Australian Defence Force Cadets. However, its members are not members of the Australian Defence Force by virtue only of their membership of the Australian Army Cadets. While cadets are encouraged to consider enlisting in the military, it is not required that they do so.

Activities of the Army Cadets include navigation and orienteering, fun games, team-building games, field camps, ceremonial drill, radio communication skills, basic bush skills, first aid, equipment maintenance, participation in cadet bands, shooting the Australian Defence Force Service Rifles, the F88 Austeyr and the Australian Army Service Light Machine Gun, the F89 Minimi, with Army supervision.

Background

The Australian Army Cadets is authorised under Section 62 of the Defence Act 1903 with lawful policies provided in the Cadet Forces Regulations 2013 (originally authorised under Cadet Forces Regulations 1977). The Australian Army Cadets is a youth organisation that is modelled on the Australian Army. It differs from Scouts Australia and other youth exploration groups as its main focus is that of learning and using military and leadership skills. The organisation boasts a nationwide reach with Cadet units in every state and territory in Australia.

Youth must be at least 13 years of age, and must be in Year Eight (8) of school (or a higher school year) and not have reached the age of 17 years to be eligible to apply for enrollment into the AAC[2]. Once enrolled, they may remain as a cadet until the last day of the year they attain the age of 18 years old. A cadet in the AAC is not considered to be a member of the Australian Defence Force, nor are cadets allowed to be a member of the Defence Force or, other than in approved exceptional circumstances, any other cadet service during their time as a cadet.

Research studies have shown that cadets have performed better than non-cadets in Australian Defence Force Training, and 25.4% of the Australian Defence Force has been in the Australian Defence Force Cadets. From 2001 to 2005, cadets have made up 10% of applications and 11% of total Australian Defence Force enlistments.[4]

History
Cadets and Australian veterans parading in Melbourne on ANZAC Day.

The King's School and Newington College vie for the honour of having the oldest Cadet Corps in Australia.[5] An embryonic corps was founded by Newington College when a drill master was appointed to staff in 1865. Two years later, a sergeant-major was appointed and muskets and carbines were purchased and an armoury and gunpowder store were opened at Newington College. The first official unit in Australia was established on 29 March 1866 at St Mark's Collegiate School by Reverend Macarthur. In June 1868, The King's School had closed and did not reopen until January 1869, when it was amalgamated with the St Mark's unit, the unit was renamed The King's School Cadets Corps. In 1869, the Newington College Cadet Corps was formally incorporated by the Governor of New South Wales (Somerset Lowry-Corry, 4th Earl Belmore) and that unit is now believed to be the second oldest continually running corps in Australia, after The King's School Cadet Corps.[6] The first regional unit, and third oldest continually running corps in the country, was established in September 1898 by The Armidale School.[7] With the establishment of many cadet units and corps at numerous boys schools throughout the Commonwealth, His Majesty King Edward VII established the Commonwealth Cadet Corps in Australia on 16 July 1906.

However, military training to students commenced in 1851 in the Port Phillip Colony of New South Wales, the year Victoria separated from NSW, when Sergeant Major Cleary from the 12th Regiment of Foot, based at Victoria Barracks (Melbourne), commenced drill instruction to students at Scotch College before the establishment of their cadet unit in 1884 when The Volunteer (Cadet) Act 1884 came into effect. A school holiday was proclaimed on 19 November 1886 to mark the occasion of the first public parade of the Victorian Cadet Force at Albert Park. More than 2000 cadets representing the units of 41 state schools, 11 independent or private schools and one catholic school were inspected by the Governor.

In 1910, the universal training scheme was introduced. Under the scheme, all medically fit males 14–20 years of age had to serve in cadets. Boys who did not comply were charged and dealt with by the courts. Training cadets were divided into two groups. Senior cadets aged between 16–18 years of age were attached to Militia Units (now known as Army Reserve Units), called Regimental Detachments, while students aged between 14–16 years of age remained as school cadets. Officers came from teaching staff and selected cadets were made "Cadet Lieutenants". In 1939, the outbreak of World War II caused the Regimental Detachments to be disbanded as staff were needed to train soldiers for overseas service. Some School Based Units closed down while some struggled on. By the end of World War II, Regimental Detachments had been re-raised. Between 1949 and 1975, School Based Units were attached to Citizen Military Forces units. The CMF is the precursor of the modern day Australian Army Reserve. Regimental Units continued to exist. By 1951, The Commonwealth Cadet Corps was renamed the Australian Cadet Corps (ACC) and on 2 June 1953, The Duke of Edinburgh became the Colonel-in-Chief of the ACC, as a part of the coronation of his wife, Queen Elizabeth II. The Duke of Edinburgh presented his banner as a gift to the Corps on 2 May 1970 at Victoria Barracks, Sydney. At this time, there were 46,000 cadets in Australia.

In 1975, the ACC was disbanded by the Whitlam Labor government and was re-raised by the Fraser Liberal government on 1 October 1976. By 1981, the ACC had 20,650 cadets. As a result of the Beazley Defence review white paper in 1984, full military support was withdrawn from school based cadet units, now classed as Limited Support Units (LSU). Military support for LSUs was limited solely to the discretionary loan of equipment for Annual camps. Uniforms, transport, rations and personal equipment all had to be funded by the school, parents or community organisations such as the RSL. As a result, most government school based cadet units closed between 1984 and 1986. Instead, full military support was provided to cadet units based at existing Army depots, now classified as Regional Cadet Units (RCU). Some school based units in disadvantaged areas or located some distance from a military depot were given RCU status. Many RCUs attracted cadets from the nearby school based units recently closed down. In NSW, the first RCU formed was 20 RCU Ashfield, originally Punchbowl High School Cadets, and then based at the 2 Construction Group depot of RAE in Haberfield, Sydney in early 1984. By 1998, however all cadet units again received full support. During 1993, the Australian Cadet Corps was renamed the Australian Army Cadet Corps. Many cadet units were now re-equipped with DPCU uniforms replacing the older green uniforms. In 2001, the Australian Army Cadet Corps was renamed the Australian Army Cadets as part of major reforms brought about with the Topley review and during 2004, the title of Regional Cadet Unit (RCU) was dropped in favour of Army Cadet Unit (ACU).

Governor-General Michael Jeffery presented a replacement banner on behalf of the Duke to Parade Commander and National Cadet Adjutant CUO Christopher Casey (of 236 ACU Toukley) on behalf of the AAC to commemorate the centenary of the cadets on 24 September 2005, with the old Duke of Edinburgh Banner laid up at the Soldiers Chapel at Kapooka during the 2006 Chief of Army Cadet Team Challenge.

The AAC celebrated its centenary since the establishment of the Commonwealth Cadet Corps on 16 July 2006, as opposed to the centenaries of individual units, with the Victorian Brigade holding a large parade to mark the event.

As of 2019, the largest individual AAC unit is the Knox Grammar School Army Cadet Unit (KGSACU), with 1100 members.[8]

Structure
Structure of the Australian Army Cadets.
  • Headquarters of the Australian Army.
  • Headquarters Australian Army Cadets (HQAAC).
  • Regional Headquarters (Brigades or Battalions, depending on number of cadets).
  • Brigades are then broken up into Battalions.
  • Cadet Units are usually based on a company structure (the larger units are based on a battalion structure), and are under the control of both the Battalion and Brigade HQs.

Note: Although most regional headquarters are state based, Queensland has been split into North and South due to their combined size.

Controversies

Generally, many of the Australian public view the Cadets program as a positive youth development program, however, political views have constantly changed throughout the years.[9] Cadets have most notably been subject to criticism because their program and structure has often resembled that of a paramilitary organisation including the adoption of military uniforms, discipline and structure unlike other youth development organisations. This was especially in the 1970s, where the Cadet movement was temporary disbanded and also resulted in the suspension and review of Military-Like Training.

In 2007, a Cadet from Scotch College Cadet Unit called Nathan Francis died from an anaphylactic reaction to a Combat Ration Pack, and it resulted in that particular brand of rations getting banned.[10]

National Cadet Advisory Council

The National Cadet Advisory Council is the link between cadets and officers in the Australian Army Cadets, system. The NATCAC, as it is commonly known, endeavours in improve cadets and the standard of cadets any way it can. The NATCAC generally meets once a year, with regional CAC's meeting at least once a school semester. Although named the same, this should not be confused with the National Cadet Advisory Council[11] of Civil Air Patrol, the United States Air Force Auxiliary.

Meets at least once a year. Items to be discussed are compiled previous to the meeting by the NATCUO, and are based around what was brought up in RCAC meetings. Minutes from each meeting are recorded and passed onto the CO of the AAC.

Members of the NATCAC

The NATCAC is chaired by the National Cadet Under Officer and the National Cadet Regimental Sergeant Major. The Regional Cadet Under Officer and Regional Cadet RSM of each AAC region make up the council. The regions are divided as follows; North Queensland, South Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, South Australia, Western Australia and Northern Territory.

Uniform

Cadets wear "Auscam" DPCU uniforms and general duty dress. In order to distinguish Cadets from Australian Soldiers, cadets wear a blue oval patch in a similar shape to the ADF service badges but with the Corps's iconic "sword and torch emblem" on it, epaulets always have the prefix "Army Cadet" or "AAC" added to them. Cadet's slouch hats generally have a metal "sword and torch" badge at the front and a blue and yellow patch on the right side, although some School Based Units issue their own badges.

Previously cadets could also wear ceremonial uniform identical to that of the Australian Army. Currently Australian army cadets use DPCU for all events, from ceremonies to training exercises.[12]

Cadets of more senior ranks may wear additional accoutrements that help to distinguish their rank, such as a red sash for Cadet Sergeants and Cadet Warrant Officer Class Two, Sam Browne belts for Cadet Warrant Officer Class One and Cadet Under Officers.

Cadets Rank System
Ranks and Insignia of the Australian Defence Force Cadets
Australian
Army
Cadets
(Edit)		 No equivalent No insignia
National Cadet Under Officer Regional Cadet Under Officer Cadet Under Officer National Cadet Regimental Sergeant Major Cadet Warrant Officer Class One Cadet Warrant Officer Class Two Cadet Staff Sergeant Cadet Sergeant Cadet Corporal Cadet Lance Corporal Cadet Cadet Recruit
NATCUO RCUO CUO NATCDTRSM CDTWO1 CDTWO2 CDTSSGT CDTSGT CDTCPL CDTLCPL CDT CDTREC

Cadet rank slides have a blue ribbon with "ARMY CADET" written in yellow.

Example of a Cadet Corporals rank patch.

Officer of Cadets (OOC) Rank
Insignia 2 pips 3 pips 1 St Edward's crown 1 pip and 1 St Edward's crown 2 pips and 1 St Edward's crown
Rank Second Lieutenant
AAC		 Lieutenant
AAC		 Captain
AAC		 Major
AAC		 Lieutenant Colonel
AAC		 Colonel
AAC
Abbreviation 2LT
(AAC)		 LT
(AAC)		 CAPT
(AAC)		 MAJ
(AAC)		 LTCOL
(AAC)		 COL
(AAC)
gollark: I have an ethics machine so I decide.
gollark: Dehumanisation has always been ethical, yes.
gollark: That sounds mean. You should avoid that.
gollark: Nailgun < nail railgun, actually.
gollark: They are of course wrong.

See also

References
  1. "About Cadets". Australian Army Cadets. 14 November 2018. Retrieved 30 July 2020.
  2. "Australian Army Cadets: Information for Cadets". 16 May 2020.
  3. "Australian Army Cadets: Vision, Purpose and Values". 2 October 2018.
  4. Archived 17 September 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  5. "Kings School Cadet Page". Archived from the original on 15 September 2008. Retrieved 1 October 2008.
  6. Newington Across the Years, A History of Newington College 1863–1998 (Syd, 1999) pp. 4–17
  7. Graham, Jim (1994). A School of Their Own: The History of The Armidale School. The Armidale School. p. 65. ISBN 0646158570.
  8. "Cadets - Knox Grammar School". www.knox.nsw.edu.au. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
  9. Stockings, Craig (2007). The Torch and the Sword. UNSW Press. ISBN 978-086840-838-5.
  10. Milovanovic, Selma (30 June 2009). "Scotch probe urged over nut allergy death". The Sydney Morning Herald.
  11. Archived 16 October 2011 at the Wayback Machine National Cadet Advisory Council - CAP
  12. "Australian Army Cadets". AAC. 2020. Retrieved 19 April 2020.
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