Aure et Saint-Girons

The Aure et Saint-Girons or Casta is an endangered French breed of domestic cattle. The breed name derives from its two principal areas of origin, the Vallée d'Aure in the département of the Hautes-Pyrénées, and the area of Saint-Girons and the Couserans in the Ariège. The name "Casta" derives from its chestnut colour.

Conservation statusFAO (2007): endangered-maintained[1]:41
Other names
  • Casta
  • Auroise
  • Saint Gironnaise
Country of originFrance
DistributionMidi-Pyrénées
Useformerly triple-purpose, meat, milk and draught
Traits
Weight
  • Male:
    900 kg[2]
  • Female:
    600 kg[2]
Height
  • Female:
    135 cm[2]
Skin colourpale
Coatgrey or chestnut-brown
Horn statushorned in both sexes
  • Cattle
  • Bos (primigenius) taurus

History

The Casta originates in the French Pyrénées. It is among the oldest breeds of the Midi. Traditionally, two types were recognised, from two different areas of the range: the Auroise, from the Vallée d'Aure in the département of the Hautes-Pyrénées; and the Saint-Gironnaise, from the area of Saint-Girons and the Couserans in the Ariège. The breed was found throughout the high Pyrénées, from the area of Tarbes in the west to Foix in the east.[3]

The breed was officially named the "race bovine d'Aure et de Saint-Girons" in 1900. A herd-book was established in 1901[3] or in 1919.[4][2]

During the 1960s there was some limited cross-breeding with the Bazadais breed of the Gironde.[2]

Between 1930 and 1958, the population of the Casta fell from about 30 000 to less than 9 000 head. In the years after the Second World War, numbers fell still further, and by 1983 only 76 cows in 12 farms could be found.[3] The breed was listed by the FAO as "endangered-maintained" in 2007.[1]:41 In 2005, the population was estimated at 427 head;[2] in 2014 it was 320.[4]

Characteristics

The Casta is usually grey, but may also be chestnut-brown. The skin and mucous membranes are pale. The horns are lyre-shaped. Bulls weigh about 900 kg and cows about 600 kg. Cows stand about 135 cm at the withers.[2]

Uses

The Casta was originally a triple-purpose breed, kept for meat, for milk, and for draught work. It is now raised mainly for meat. The milk has a high fat content, and is used in the production of Bethmale cheese.[3]

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References
  1. Barbara Rischkowsky, D. Pilling (eds.) (2007). List of breeds documented in the Global Databank for Animal Genetic Resources, annex to The State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. ISBN 9789251057629. Accessed November 2016.
  2. Étude de la race bovine: Casta (in French). Bureau des Ressources Génétiques. Archived 7 March 2009.
  3. Aure et St Girons ou "Casta" (in French). Conservatoire du Patrimoine Biologique Régional de Midi-Pyrénées. Archived 28 September 2008.
  4. Breed data sheet: Casta/France. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed November 2016.

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