Asterias rollestoni

Asterias rollestoni is a common starfish native to the seas of China and Japan, and not known from the far north or the American coasts of the eastern Pacific.[2][3][4][5][6]

Asterias rollestoni
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Echinodermata
Class:
Asteroidea
Order:
Forcipulatida
Suborder:
Asteriadina
Family:
Asteriidae
Genus:
Asterias
Species:
A. rollestoni
Binomial name
Asterias rollestoni
Bell, 1881
Synonyms[1][2]
  • Allasterias forficulosa Verrill, 1914
  • Asterias amurensis f. rollestoni (Bell, 1881) Fisher, 1930

Taxonomy

It was first described by Francis Jeffrey Bell in 1881 from a collection made before 1873 in Japanese waters.[1][5] A synonym, Allasterias forficulosa, was described by Addison Emery Verrill in 1914 from a collection made in Japan in 1913 (see image).[1][6][7] In 1930 Walter Kenrick Fisher subsumed it as a forma of Asterias amurensis,[2][8][9][10] and further stated that A. rollestoni might well intergrade with A. versicolor to the south of its range. He synonymised Verrill's Allasterias forficulosa with his A. amurensis f. rollestoni and stated Sladen's specimens of A. amurensis also belonged to this form.[8][9] In 1936, and subsequently in 1940, Ryori Hayashi followed Fisher's interpretation, in 1940 even subsuming Asterias versicolor as a form of A. amurensis.[11] In 1950, however, Alexander Michailovitsch Djakonov recognized it as a full species again.[2][10] Subsequent authors such as Djakonov (1958), Baranova & Wu (1962), Chang & Liao (1964), Baranova (1971) and Jangoux & Lawrence (2001) upheld this interpretation.[10]

Description

It has five arms and a moderately-sized central disc.[5] The arm length is up to 12 cm; the ratio between the length of the arm and the radius of its disc is usually 4:1 to 4.5:1.[2] It has planktonic larvae.[1]

In 1914 Verrill found it most resembling A. rathbuni, from which it differs by virtue of less dense spines near the mouth, but longer and larger spines dorsally and marginally, and larger and more numerous pedicellaria. He states it is to a lesser degree similar to A. versicolor, differing from this species by having more spines and longer and sharper pedicellaria, but at the same time also considered Allasterias forficulosa, a taxon he created in 1914 but now considered a synonym of Asterias rollestoni, closer resembling to A. versicolor.[6] In 1930 Fisher stated that Asterias rollestoni might well intergrade with A. versicolor to the south of its range,[9] and in 1940 Hayashi also found it to be most closely related to A. versicolor.[11]

Distribution and habitat

According to Djakonov it has been collected at depths of 5-96m. It is found in the littoral zone from the east in the seas around Japan, west to the Sea of Japan[2] and further to the Yellow Sea,[10] and north through the Peter the Great Gulf (Primorsky Krai) to off the coast of De-Kastri in Khabarovsk Krai.[2] It is among the most common starfish of Chinese seawaters.[4][12]

Behaviour

Asterias rollestoni can grow back its limbs should it lose them. This begins four days after amputation, when cells near the end of the stump de-differentiate and migrate to the wound where they form a thickened skin which gradually re-differentiates into mature tissue.[13]

Uses

It is considered useful in traditional medicine in China and is in the 2015 Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China.[4][12][14]

gollark: Well, my code is generally kind of unpleasant, but this particular bit is fine.
gollark: This is "Rust" "code". It has a perfectly reasonable amount of symbols.
gollark: It also doesn't have generics, so I can't make a smart pointer which works for any type without `void*`, which is type-unsafe.
gollark: If I make my own smart pointers, then I'm pretty sure I have to manually sprinkle my code with macrons/function calls to do things to them, because the macros are bad token substitution things and not powerful enough to add them appropriately.
gollark: But very similar.

References
  1. Mah, Christopher L. (2008). "Asterias rollestoni Bell, 1881". World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS). Flanders Marine Institute. Retrieved 11 November 2019.
  2. Дьяконов, А.М. (1950). Морские звезды морей СССР [Определители по фауне. 34 (Tableaux analytiques de la faune de l'URSS 34)] (in Russian). St. Petersburg: Акаде́мии Нау́к СССР. pp. 122–124.
  3. "ITIS Standard Report Page: Asterias rollestoni". www.itis.gov. Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2019-11-12.
  4. Zhang, Gai-yun; Ren, Hui-Hui; Zhang, Yu-Bian; Ma, Ling-Qi; Yang, Yan-Liu; Wang, Shuang (2013). "Chemical constituents of the starfish Asterias rollestoni Bell". Biochemical Systematics and Ecology. 51: 203–206. doi:10.1016/j.bse.2013.08.031.
  5. Bell, Francis Jeffrey (1881). "1. Contributions to the Systematic Arrangement of the Asteroidea. I The species of the genus Asterias". Proceedings of the Zoological Journal of London. 1881: 514–515. Retrieved 11 November 2019.
  6. Verrill, Addison Emery (1914). "Monograph of the shallow-water starfishes of the North Pacific coast from the Arctic Ocean to California". Harriman Alaska Series. 14: 194–196. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.25926. Retrieved 11 November 2019.
  7. Gall L (2019). Invertebrate Zoology Division, Yale Peabody Museum. Yale University Peabody Museum. Occurrence dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/0lkr3w accessed via GBIF.org on 2019-11-18. https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/1269525403
  8. Fisher, Walter Kenrick (1923). "A preliminary synopsis of the Asteriidae, a family of sea-stars". Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 12 (9): 248, 598. Retrieved 15 November 2019.
  9. Fisher, Walter Kenrick (1930). "Asteroidea of the North Pacific and Adjacent Waters, Part 3: Forcipulata". United States National Museum Bulletin. U.S. Government Printing Office. 76 (3): 205. Retrieved 14 November 2019.
  10. Jangoux, Michel; Lawrence, John M. (1 June 2001). Echinoderm studies 6. CRC Press. pp. 262, 263. ISBN 9789058093011.
  11. Hayashi, Ryori (1940). "Contributions to the Classification of the Sea-stars of Japan" (PDF). 北海道帝國大學理學部紀要 (Journal of the Faculty of Science Hokkaido Imperial University) Series VI. Zoology. 7 (3): 223–226. Retrieved 14 November 2019.
  12. Lou, Q.; Xu, H.; Wang, Y.; Zhang, J.; Yang, W.; Xu, D. (2018-06-01). "Microwave-assisted extraction of Asterias rollestoni gonad lipids and its component analysis". Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. ResearchGate: 300–306. doi:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.11.038. Retrieved 2019-11-12.
  13. Fan, Tingjun; Fan, Xianyuan; Du, Yutang; Sun, Wenjie; Zhang, Shaofeng; Li, Jiaxin (September 2011). "Patterns and Cellular Mechanisms of Arm Regeneration in Adult Starfish Asterias rollestoni Bell". Journal of Ocean University of China. 10 (3): 255–262. doi:10.1007/s11802-011-1837-y. Retrieved 18 November 2019.
  14. Goya, Choi; Youngsung, Ju (2017). "Review on animal scientific names in the pharmacopoeias of Korean, China, and Japan" (PDF). Korean Herbal Medicine Informatics (in Korean). 5 (1): 23, 31. ISSN 2288-5161. Retrieved 18 November 2019.
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