Artin–Verdier duality
In mathematics, Artin–Verdier duality is a duality theorem for constructible abelian sheaves over the spectrum of a ring of algebraic numbers, introduced by Michael Artin and Jean-Louis Verdier (1964), that generalizes Tate duality.
It shows that, as far as etale (or flat) cohomology is concerned, the ring of integers in a number field behaves like a 3-dimensional mathematical object.
Statement
Let X be the spectrum of the ring of integers in a totally imaginary number field K, and F a constructible étale abelian sheaf on X. Then the Yoneda pairing
is a non-degenerate pairing of finite abelian groups, for every integer r.
Here, Hr(X,F) is the r-th étale cohomology group of the scheme X with values in F, and Extr(F,G) is the group of r-extensions of the étale sheaf G by the étale sheaf F in the category of étale abelian sheaves on X. Moreover, Gm denotes the étale sheaf of units in the structure sheaf of X.
Christopher Deninger (1986) proved Artin–Verdier duality for constructible, but not necessarily torsion sheaves. For such a sheaf F, the above pairing induces isomorphisms
where
Finite flat group schemes
Let U be an open subscheme of the spectrum of the ring of integers in a number field K, and F a finite flat commutative group scheme over U. Then the cup product defines a non-degenerate pairing
of finite abelian groups, for all integers r.
Here FD denotes the Cartier dual of F, which is another finite flat commutative group scheme over U. Moreover, is the r-th flat cohomology group of the scheme U with values in the flat abelian sheaf F, and is the r-th flat cohomology with compact supports of U with values in the flat abelian sheaf F.
The flat cohomology with compact supports is defined to give rise to a long exact sequence
The sum is taken over all places of K, which are not in U, including the archimedean ones. The local contribution Hr(Kv, F) is the Galois cohomology of the Henselization Kv of K at the place v, modified a la Tate:
Here is a separable closure of
References
- Artin, Michael; Verdier, Jean-Louis (1964), "Seminar on étale cohomology of number fields", Lecture notes prepared in connection with the seminars held at the summer institute on algebraic geometry. Whitney estate, Woods Hole, Massachusetts. July 6 – July 31, 1964 (PDF), Providence, R.I.: American Mathematical Society, archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-05-26
- Deninger, Christopher (1986), "An extension of Artin-Verdier duality to nontorsion sheaves", Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik, 366: 18–31, doi:10.1515/crll.1986.366.18, MR 0833011
- Mazur, Barry (1973), "Notes on étale cohomology of number fields", Annales Scientifiques de l'École Normale Supérieure, Série 4, 6: 521–552, ISSN 0012-9593, MR 0344254
- Milne, James S. (2006), Arithmetic duality theorems (Second ed.), BookSurge, LLC, pp. viii+339, ISBN 1-4196-4274-X