Arnold Rönnebeck

Arnold Rönnebeck (May 8, 1885 – November 14, 1947)[1] was a German-born American modernist artist and museum administrator. He was a vital member of both the European and American avant-garde movements of the early twentieth century before settling in Denver, Colorado. Rönnebeck is best known for his lithographs that featured a range of subjects including New York cityscapes, New Mexico and Colorado landscapes and Native American dances.

Arnold Rönnebeck working on Grief model, between 1915 and 1947, unidentified photographer. Arnold Rönnebeck and Louise Emerson Rönnebeck papers, Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.

Personal life and education

Arnold Rönnebeck was born in Nassau, Germany in 1885[2] to a well-educated family. His father, Richard, was an architect and encouraged Rönnebeck to follow in his footsteps. After two years of study at the Royal Art School in both Berlin and Munich, Rönnebeck decided to pursue sculpture and moved to Paris in 1908. In Paris, he studied with Aristide Maillol and Emile Antoine Bourdelle.[2] Rönnebeck met the American Modernist painter, Marsden Hartley and they became close friends as they moved through the avant-garde circles of Paris and Berlin. He regularly attended Gertrude Stein’s “salons” and according to Stein, “Rönnebeck was charming and always invited to dinner,”[3] together with Pablo Picasso, Mabel Dodge, and Charles Demuth. While living in Paris, Rönnebeck completed sculptural commissions for the wealthy and portraits of his friends. His bust of Marsden Hartley was included in Hartley’s 1914 solo show at Alfred Stieglitz’s Gallery 291.

The outbreak of World War I forced Rönnebeck to return to Germany where he fought on the front lines. He was wounded twice and was awarded the Iron Cross by Kaiser Wilhelm II. Arnold Rönnebeck’s cousin was Lieutenant Karl von Freyburg, whom Hartley would fall in love with and follow from Paris to Berlin.[4] Freyburg was killed in combat, and Hartley would create Portrait of a German Officer (1914) as a tribute to Freyburg.[5]

Migration to America
Fireplace in La Fonda Hotel, Santa Fe, New Mexico, 1927

In 1922 Rönnebeck moved to New York City. In New York, he was immediately welcomed into Stieglitz’s circle[2] of American avant-garde artists that included Arthur Dove, John Marin, Georgia O'Keeffe, Marsden Hartley and Charles Demuth. Rönnebeck wrote a catalogue essay for the landmark exhibition, Alfred Stieglitz Presents Seven Americans at the Anderson Gallery in 1925.[6] Rönnebeck was a prolific writer and art critic and wrote numerous essays and articles about art throughout his career.[7] The lithographs Rönnebeck made in New York are among his better known works. They borrow from the precisionism movement and show a fascination with the skyscraper and the landscape of the city, what Rönnebeck termed as "living cubism."[8] The Weyhe Gallery, directed by Carl Zigrosser, gave Rönnebeck his first solo show in 1926 and represented him for the rest of his life.

In the summer of 1925, Rönnebeck traveled to Taos, New Mexico to visit his friend Mabel Dodge Luhan at her artists' enclave.[2] The visit had several important consequences including exposing Rönnebeck to the desert landscape and the Indigenous peoples of New Mexico, which subsequently became recurrent themes in Rönnebeck’s work, and, Rönnebeck's introduction to Louise Emerson (1901–1980). Emerson was a painter from Philadelphia who had studied with Kenneth Hayes Miller. Rönnebeck and Emerson were married in March 1926 in New York.[9]

Move to Denver
Hodges Memorial, Fairmount Cemetery, Denver 1929

In May 1926, Rönnebeck gave a lecture at the fledgling Denver Art Museum while he and his new wife were traveling to California on their honeymoon. While visiting the museum, Rönnebeck was offered the position of Art Director, which he accepted. He served in this capacity from 1926 to 1931,[2] where he encouraged development of the museum's collection of American Indian art and the curation of modernist art exhibitions. The couple became involved in the local Denver art scene, being welcomed into a community of artists that included Allen True, John E. Thompson, Ethel and Jenne Magafan, Frank Mechau, Vance Kirkland, Frank Vavra, Marion Buchan, Elisabeth Spalding, and others. In addition to his work at the museum, Rönnebeck wrote a weekly art column in the Rocky Mountain News. Rönnebeck continued making lithographs, mainly of the Colorado landscape, mining towns and New Mexico. He received numerous commissions in Denver and the surrounding areas.

Rönnebeck was an amateur actor and music enthusiast and became very involved with the renovation of the Central City Opera House in the historic mining town of Central City, Colorado. He performed with the Central City Opera in their presentation of The Merry Widow with Natalie Hall, Gladys Swarthout and Richard Bonelli. Rönnebeck gained American citizenship in 1932. His work was also part of the painting event in the art competition at the 1936 Summer Olympics.[10]

Arnold and Louise Rönnebeck had two children, Arnold and Ursula. He died of throat cancer in 1947[2] at the age of 62.

Notable public sculptures

Notes
  1. San Diego Museum of Art
  2. "Finding Aid". Arnold Rönnebeck and Louise Emerson Rönnebeck papers, 1884-2002. Archives of American Art. 2006. Retrieved 11 Jul 2011.
  3. Gertrude Stein (1933).The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas. The Literary Guild, 122.
  4. "An Artist's Restless Search for Love, and a Place in the World". Art review. New York Times. 2003. Retrieved 11 Jul 2011.
  5. Ken Gonzales-Day (2002). "Hartley, Marsden". glbtq: An Encyclopedia of Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer Culture. Archived from the original on 29 June 2011. Retrieved 11 Jul 2011.
  6. Barbara Buhler Lynes (1989)O'Keeffe, Stieglitz, and the Critics, 1916-1929U.M.I Research Press, 91
  7. See Arnold Rönnebeck (October 1925). "Bourdelle Speaks to his Pupils: From a Paris Diary,"The Arts 8, no. 4. and Rönnebeck (Winter 1945). "Gertrude Was Always Giggling: Memories of Gertrude Stein, Picasso and Others." Books Abroad 19, no. 1.
  8. Viktor Flambeau, Washington Herald, 1 June 1924.
  9. Lois Rudnick, Utopian Vistas: The Mabel Dodge Luhan House and the American Counter Culture (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1996),
  10. "Arnold Rönnebeck". Olympedia. Retrieved 14 August 2020.

Bibliography
  • Chambers, Marlene. The First 100 Years: Denver Art Museum. Seattle: Marquand Books, Inc. (1996).
  • Fahlman, Betsy. Works on Paper: Prints and Drawings by Arnold Rönnebeck. New York: Conner-Rosenkranz (1998).
  • Groff, Diane Price. Arnold Rönnebeck: An Avant-Garde Spirit in the West. M.A. Thesis University of Denver (1991).
  • Kornhauser, Elizabeth Mankin.Marsden Hartley. New Haven: Yale University Press (2003).
  • Kunin, Jack Henry. “Impressions of a Renaissance: The Artists of Denver National Bank.” Colorado Heritage Summer (2002).
  • Schlosser, Elizabeth. Modern Sculpture in Denver (1919-1960): Twelve Denver Sculptors. Glendale: Ocean View Books (1995).
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