Aporrhaidae

Aporrhaidae is a family of sea snails commonly called the "pelican's foot snails." The taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005[2] categorizes Aporrhaidae as marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Littorinimorpha.

Aporrhaidae
A shell of Aporrhais pespelecani, from Catalonia, Spain
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Clade: Caenogastropoda
Clade: Hypsogastropoda
Order: Littorinimorpha
Superfamily: Stromboidea
Family: Aporrhaidae
Gray, 1850[1]
Genera

See text

Synonyms
  • † Anchurinae Kollmann, 2009 · accepted, alternate representation
  • Aporrhaididae (misspelling)
  • Aporrhaiidae (Spelling variation)
  • Aporrhainae Gray, 1850 · accepted, alternate representation
  • † Arrhoginae Popenoe, 1983
  • Chenopidae Deshayes, 1865
  • † Dicrolomatidae Korotkov, 1992
  • † Dimorphosominae Kollmann, 2009 · accepted, alternate representation
  • † Harpagodinae Pchelintsev, 1963 · accepted, alternate representation
  • † Perissopterinae Korotkov, 1992
  • † Pterocerellinae Bandel, 2007 · accepted, alternate representation
  • † Pugnellidae Kiel & Bandel, 1999 (original rank)
  • † Pugnellinae Kiel & Bandel, 1999 · accepted, alternate representation
  • Spinilomatinae Gründel, Nützel & Schulbert, 2009 · accepted, alternate representation
  • † Struthiopterinae Zinsmeister & Griffin, 1995 · accepted, alternate representation
  • † Tundorinae Bandel, 2007 †

Aporrhaids are commercially important, especially in traditional fisheries.[3]

Description

Aporrhaids have a large lip with finger-like extensions, and a small operculum. They do not have movable eyes. Instead, their eyes are fixed at the base of each tentacle.[4]

The mollusk has one narrow foot, which renders its motion interrupted as the foot must raise the shell a tiny bit in each single movement, simultaneously pushing it forward. The motion must be repeated again and again for the mollusk to travel.[5]

Habitat

Aporrhaidae live on muddy and sandy bottoms, sometimes in very large populations.

Subfamilies

Subfamilies in the family Aporrhaidae include:

  • Aporrhainae Gray, 1850 - synonym: Chenopidae Deshayes, 1865
  • Arrhoginae Popenoe, 1983 - synonyms: Alariidae Koken, 1889 (inv.); Dicrolomatidae Korotkov, 1992
  • † Harpagonidae Pchelintsev, 1963
  • † Perissopterinae Korotkov, 1992 - synonym: Struthiopterinae Zinsmeister & Griffin, 1995
  • † Spinigerinae Korotkov, 1992 (inv.)
Aporrhais from the Pliocene of Cyprus.

Genera

There are only two Recent genera:[6][7]

  • Aporrhais da Costa, 1778
  • Arrhoges Gabb, 1868
  • † Dicroloma Gabb, 1868
  • † Drepanocheilus Meek, 1864
  • † Hemichenopus Steinmann & Wilckens, 1908
  • † Struthioptera Finlay & Marwick, 1937

Fossil genera within the family Aporrhaidae include:

  • Alarimella Saul, 1998
  • Anchura Conrad, 1860
  • Antarctohoges Stilwell & Zinsmeister, 1992
  • Araeodactylus Harris & Burrows, 1891
  • Auriala Hacobjan, 1976
  • Austroaporrhais Zinsmeister & Griffin, 1995
  • Bicorempterus Gründel, 2001
  • Ceratosiphon Gill, 1870
  • Cultrigera Böhm, 1885
  • Cuphosolenus Piette, 1876
  • Cuphotifer Piette, 1876
  • Cyclomolops Gabb, 1868
  • Diarthema Piette, 1864
  • Digitolabrum Cossmann, 1904
  • Dimorphosoma Gardner, 1875
  • Graciliala Sohl, 1960
  • Goniocheila Gabb, 1868
  • Helicaulax Gabb, 1868
  • Kangilioptera Rosenkrantz, 1970
  • Kaunhowenia Abdel Gawad, 1986
  • Latiala Sohl, 1960
  • Lispodesthes White, 1875
  • Maussenetia Cossmann, 1904
  • Mexopus Kiel & Perrilliat, 2001
  • Monocuphus Piette, 1876
  • Perissopter Tate, 1865
  • Peruchilus Olsson, 1931
  • Pietteia Cossmann, 1904
  • Platyoptera Conrad, 1855
  • Pseudanchura Kollmann, 2005
  • Pterocerella Meek, 1864
  • Pugioptera Pchelincev, 1953
  • Strombopugnellus Koch, 1911
  • Struthiochenopus Zinsmeister & Griffin, 1995
  • Teneposita Loch, 1989
  • Tessarolax Gabb, 1864
  • Tibiaporrhais Elder, 1990
  • Toarctocera Gründel, Nützel & Schulbert, 2009[8] - type species: Rostellaria subpunctata - Toarctocera subpunctata (von Munster in Goldfuss, 1826–1844)
  • Trilemma Blagovetshenskiy & Shumilkin, 2006
  • Tulochilus Finlay & Marwick, 1937
  • Tundora Stephenson, 1941
  • Ueckeritzella Gründel, 1998
  • Wateletia Cossmann, 1889
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References
  1. Gray J. E. 1850. Figures of molluscous animals selected from various authors. Etched for the use of students by M. E. Gray. Volume 4. Longman, Brown, Green & Longmans, London. iv+219 pp. Apporhaidae at page 66.
  2. Bouchet P. & Rocroi J.-P. (Ed.); Frýda J., Hausdorf B., Ponder W., Valdes A. & Warén A. 2005. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia: International Journal of Malacology, 47(1-2). ConchBooks: Hackenheim, Germany. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. ISSN 0076-2997. 397 pp. http://www.vliz.be/Vmdcdata/imis2/ref.php?refid=78278
  3. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2005-03-05. Retrieved 2009-03-07.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  4. http://shells.tricity.wsu.edu/ArcherdShellCollection/Gastropoda/Aporrhaidae.html
  5. http://www.treknature.com/gallery/photo154498.htm
  6. Gofas, S. (2012). Aporrhaidae. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=22988 on 2012-09-27
  7. Kronenberg, G.C. 1991: The Recent species of the family Aporrhaidae. Vita marina, 41(2): 73-84.
  8. Gründel, J., Nützel A. & Schulbert C. (24 July) 2009. Toarctocera (Gastropoda, Aporrhaidae): a new genus from the Jurassic (Toarcian/Aalenian) of South Germany and the early evolutionary history of the family Aporrhaidae. Paläontologische Zeitschrift (online), PDF
  • Vaught, K.C. (1989). A classification of the living Mollusca. American Malacologists: Melbourne, FL (USA). ISBN 0-915826-22-4. XII, 195 pp.
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