Antonio Candido

Antonio Candido de Mello e Souza (July 24, 1918 – May 12, 2017) was a Brazilian writer, professor, sociologist and literary critic.[1] As a critic of Brazilian literature, he is regarded as having been one of the foremost scholars on the subject by Brazilian universities. He was the co-winner of the Prêmio Jabuti for essays in 1965 and was awarded the Prêmio Machado de Assis in 1993, the Camões Prize in 1998 and the Alfonso Reyes International Prize in 2005.

Antonio Candido
Antonio Candido at the Literature Festival of Paraty in 2011
Foto: André Gomes de Melo.
BornAntonio Candido de Mello e Sousa
(1918-07-24)July 24, 1918
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
DiedMay 12, 2017(2017-05-12) (aged 98)
São Paulo, Brazil
OccupationAuthor, literary critic, sociologist, professor
LanguagePortuguese
NationalityBrazil
Notable awardsPrêmio Jabuti, Prêmio Camões, Prêmio Machado de Assis, Alfonso Reyes International Prize
SpouseGilda de Melo e Sousa

Candido was professor-emeritus at the University of São Paulo and São Paulo State University and doctor honoris causa by the University of Campinas.

Biography

Son of Aristides Candido de Mello e Souza, M.D., and Clarisse Tolentino de Mello e Souza, most of Antonio Candido's childhood was spent in the Brazilian countryside, in the states of Minas Gerais and São Paulo. During this period, he did not attend school, being taught at home by his mother. In 1937 he and his family settled down in São Paulo, where he received formal education. In 1939, Candido began studying Law at the University of São Paulo School of Law, a course he would eventually abandon in order to study philosophy at the same university.

His first critical works were published in 1941, in the magazine Clima, co-founded by himself, and, in the following year, he began teaching at the University of São Paulo, first in the department of sociology and later, a position he would hold, although with a brief interval from 1958 to 1960, for thirty-six years. Candido also taught Brazilian Literature at the University of Paris from 1964 to 1966, and became visiting scholar at Yale University two years later.

His major work of literary criticism was published in 1959, entitled Formação da Literatura Brasileira (literally, "Formation of Brazilian Literature), a highly polemic and influential study of the foundations of his country's literary arts.

Candido was also active in politics during many periods of his life: he was a militant against Getúlio Vargas's Estado Novo and helped to found the Worker's Party in 1980.

Candido married Gilda de Melo e Sousa in 1943, a Brazilian essayist and fellow professor at the University of São Paulo, with whom he has three daughters.

Candido was hospitalized at Albert Einstein Hospital in São Paulo days before his death on May 12, 2017, due to a hiatus hernia.[2] He was 98.[1][3]

Major works
  • Introdução ao Método Crítico de Sílvio Romero – 1945
  • Brigada Ligeira – 1945
  • Ficção e Confissão – 1956
  • O Observador Literário – 1959
  • Formação da Literatura Brasileira – Momentos Decisivos – 1959
  • Presença da Literatura Brasileira – 1964 – com J. Aderaldo Castello
  • Tese e Antítese – 1964
  • Os Parceiros do Rio Bonito – 1964
  • Literatura e Sociedade – 1965
  • Literatura e Cultura de 1900 a 1945–1970
  • Vários Escritos – 1970
  • Teresina Etc. – 1980
  • Na Sala de Aula – 1985
  • A Educação pela Noite e Outros Ensaios – 1987
  • O Discurso e a Cidade – 1993
  • Recortes – 1993
  • O Romantismo no Brasil – 2002
  • Um Funcionário da Monarquia – 2002
  • O Albatroz e o Chinês – 2004
  • Iniciação à Literatura Brasileira – 2004

Partial bibliography
  • Antonio Candido: On Literature and Society by Antonio Candido with Howard S. Becker as translator. (Princeton University Press: May 5, 1995) ISBN 0-691-03630-6
  • Antonio Candido's entry at Enciclopédia Itaú Cultural
gollark: Each pair of "cores" shares a bunch of resources, so it isn't really as fast as an actual "core" in other designs, and I think their IPC was quite bad too, so the moderately high clocks didn't do very much except burn power.
gollark: See, while the FX-4100 is allegedly a fairly high-clocked quad-core, this is misleading. AMD's Bulldozer architecture used "clustered multithreading", instead of the "simultaneous multithreading" on modern architectures and also Intel's ones at the time.
gollark: (as this is based on a tower server and not a rack one, you might not even have ridiculously noisy fans in it!)
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gollark: I did *not* just pluck £90 out of nowhere, since even if there wasn't the whole silicon shortage going on, used prices aren't conveniently documented by the manufacturer somewhere.

References
  1. Brasil, Ubiratan; Sobota, Guilherme (May 12, 2017). "Morre Antonio Candido aos 98 anos". Estadão (in Portuguese). Retrieved May 12, 2017.
  2. Rizzo, Sergio (May 12, 2017). "Brazilian Literary Critic and Sociologist Antonio Candido Dies in São Paulo at Age 98". Folha de S.Paulo. Retrieved May 12, 2017.
  3. Martins, Miguel (May 12, 2017). "Um "radical de ocasião": Antonio Candido morre aos 98 anos". CartaCapital (in Portuguese). Retrieved May 12, 2017.
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