Anne of Armagnac

Anne of Armagnac, Dame d'Albret, Countess of Dreux (1402[1] – before March 1473) was a French noblewoman and a member of the powerful Gascon Armagnac family which played a prominent role in French politics during the Hundred Years War and were the principal adversaries of the Burgundians throughout the Armagnac-Burgundian Civil War. Anne was the wife of Charles II d'Albret. One of her illustrious descendants was Queen Jeanne III of Navarre, mother of King Henry IV, the first Bourbon king of France.

Anne of Armagnac
Dame d'Albret Countess of Dreux
Coat-of-arms of the Armagnac family
Born	1402 Gages, near Rodez, France
Died	Before March 1473
Noble family	Armagnac
Spouse(s)	Charles II d'Albret
Issue Jean I d'Albret, Sire d'Albret, Viscount of Talvas Arnaud Amanieu d'Albret, Sire d'Orval Charles d'Albret, Seigneur de Sainte-Bazielle Cardinal Louis d'Albret, Bishop of Cahors Gilles d'Albret, Seigneur Castelmoron Marie d'Albret Jeanne d'Albret, Countess of Dreux
Father	Bernard VII of Armagnac, Count of Charolais, Count of Armagnac
Mother	Bonne de Berry

Her illegitimate son was Jean de Lescun, known as the "bastard of Armagnac".

Family

Anne was born in 1402 in Gages, near Rodez, France, the daughter of Bernard VII of Armagnac, Count of Charolais, Count of Armagnac, and Bonne de Berry, who was the widow of Amadeus VII of Savoy. Anne had six siblings, these included John IV of Armagnac, Bernard of Armagnac, and Bonne of Armagnac, wife of Charles, Duke of Orléans. She had three half-siblings from her mother's marriage to Count Amadeus, including Amadeus VIII of Savoy.

Her paternal grandparents were John II of Armagnac and Jeanne de Périgord, and her maternal grandparents were John, Duke of Berry and Jeanne of Armagnac.

Anne's father was head of the powerful, pro-French, pro-Orléans Armagnac party which played a prominent role in French politics in the early 15th century, and whose bitter opponents during the Armagnac-Burgundian Civil War were the pro-English Burgundians, headed by John the Fearless. On 30 December 1415, her father was appointed Constable of France. He controlled the government of the Dauphin Charles (the future King Charles VII of France). On 12 June 1418, he was assassinated in Paris by the Burgundians.[2]

Anne died on an unknown date sometime before March 1473. Her husband Charles died in 1471. The lordship of Albret passed to Alain, the grandson of Charles and Anne; the county of Dreux went to Arnaud Amanieu, but was later seized by Alain. Through Alain, who married Françoise of Châtillon-Limoges (died 1481), Anne was an ancestress of Queen Jeanne III of Navarre, mother of Henry IV.

Marriage and issue

On 28 October 1417, a marriage contract was drawn up and signed, and less than six months later, on 23 April 1418, Anne married Charles II d'Albret, Sire d'Albret and titular Count of Dreux (1401–1471). He was the eldest son of Charles d'Albret, Constable of France who had been killed at the Battle of Agincourt on 25 October 1415, as co-commander of the French Army. At the time of his marriage, Charles was only the titular Count of Dreux as the lands were in English hands. He would be confirmed as count in 1441 by King Charles VII of France. He served on the royal council of the Dauphin Charles. He participated in the military campaigns of Joan of Arc, including the Siege of Orléans, and was appointed lieutenant of the province of Berry.

Charles and Anne together had seven children:[2]

• Jean I d'Albret, Sire d'Albet, Viscount of Talvas (died 3 January 1468), married Charlotte de Rohan in 1447, by whom he had four children, including Alain I of Albret, father-in-law of Cesare Borgia.
• Arnaud Amanieu d'Albret, Sire d'Orval (died 1463), married 25 November 1457, as her second husband, Isabelle de La Tour d'Auvergne (died 8 September 1488), daughter of Bertrand V de La Tour, Count of Auvergne and Boulogne and Jacquette du Peschin, by whom he had three children, including Jean d'Albret, Sire of Orval, father of Marie of Albret, Countess of Rethel.
• Charles d'Albret, Seigneur de Sainte-Bazielle (beheaded 7 April 1473), married Marie d'Astarac
• Louis d'Albret (1422- 4 September 1465), Cardinal, Bishop of Cahors
• Gilles d'Albret, Seigneur Castelmoron (died 8 August 1479), married Anne d'Aguillon, by whom he had issue.
• Marie d'Albret (died after 4 January 1485), on 11 June 1456 married Charles de Nevers, Count of Nevers and Count of Rethel. The marriage was childless.
• Jeanne d'Albret, Countess of Dreux (died 20 September 1444), in 1442 married, as his second wife, Arthur III, Duke of Brittany. The marriage was childless.

Illegitimate son

On an unknown date she gave birth to an illegitimate son, Jean de Lescun.[3][4] The baby's father was Arnaud-Gillaume de Lescun, Bishop of Aire. The boy grew up to become a celebrated soldier and Marshal of France. Legitimised in 1463, he was granted the title of Count of Comminges by King Louis XI. Jean was a staunch ally and personal favourite of the king before and after his ascension to the throne.[3]

Later years and death

In 1470, Anne is recorded as having owned une pierre pour toucher les yeux, enchassié en or (a stone for touching the eyes, set in gold). It is not known how or where she acquired this "magical stone" which allegedly had healing powers.[5]

She died sometime before March 1473.

Ancestry

Ancestors of Anne of Armagnac

Bernard VI of Armagnac, Count of Armagnac John I of Armagnac, Count of Armagnac Cecile de Rodez John II of Armagnac, Count of Armagnac Jean de Clermont, Count of St. Charolais Beatrice de Clermont, Dame de Charolais Jeanne d'Argies Bernard VII of Armagnac, Count of Charolais, Count of Armagnac Hélie IX Talairand, Count of Périgord Roger-Bernard I, Count of Périgord Brunissende de Foix Jeanne de Périgord Bouchard VI of Vendôme Eléonore de Vendôme Alix of Brittany Anne of Armagnac Philip VI of France John II of France Jeanne of Burgundy John, Duke of Berry John the Blind of Luxembourg Bonne of Luxembourg Elisabeth of Bohemia Bonne de Berry Bernard VI of Armagnac, Count of Armagnac John I of Armagnac, Count of Armagnac Cecile de Rodez Jeanne of Armagnac Jean de Clermont, Count of St. Charolais Beatrice of Clermont, Dame de Charolais Jeanne d'Argies

Sources

1. Charles Cawley, Medieval Lands, Gascony, Dukes and Nobility

References

1. Charles Cawley,Medieval Lands, Gascony, Dukes and Nobility
2. Charles Cawley, Medieval Lands, Gascony, Dukes and Nobility
3. Duclos, Charles (1746). The History of Lewis XI, King of France. p.20
4. Biographical Dictionary of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, Vol. III, Part II (1844). London: Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans. p.500
5. Evans, Joan (2004). Magical Jewels in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, Particularly in England (1922). Kessinger Publishing. p.118