Anindya Dutta

Anindya Dutta is an Indian-born American biochemist and cancer researcher who has served as chair of the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics at the University of Virginia School of Medicine since 2011. Dutta's research has focused on the mammalian cell cycle with an emphasis on DNA replication and repair and on noncoding RNAs. He is particularly interested in how de-regulation of these processes promote cancer progression. For his accomplishments he has been elected a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science,[1] received the Ranbaxy Award in Biomedical Sciences, the Outstanding Investigator Award from the American Society for Investigative Pathology, the Distinguished Scientist Award from the University of Virginia and the Mark Brothers Award from the Indiana University School of Medicine.

Anindya Dutta
Alma materChristian Medical College, Vellore (MBBS),

Rockefeller University (PhD)

Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (Postdoctoral Fellow)

BWH, Harvard Medical School (Residency)
AwardsRanbaxy Award (SunPharma)

Outstanding Investigator Award (ASIP)

Distinguished Scientist Award (University of Virginia)
Scientific career
FieldsBiochemistry, cancer biology
InstitutionsBrigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, University of Virginia School of Medicine

Biography

Dutta was born in Kolkata, India. He attended St. Patrick's Higher Secondary School in Asansol (1966 to 1974) and obtained his MBBS degree from Christian Medical College & Hospital, Vellore, graduating as the Best Outgoing Student in 1982. After a year as a research assistant at the Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, he enrolled at Rockefeller University in New York City for doctoral studies with Hidesaburo Hanafusa to work on viral oncology. He obtained his Ph.D. in 1989.

He joined the laboratory of Bruce Stillman at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory to do postdoctoral research on the cell-cycle regulation of DNA replication. In 1992 he began a residency in Anatomic Pathology at Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, where he went on to become an assistant and then associate professor of pathology. In 2003, he was appointed the Harry F. Byrd Professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics at the University of Virginia's School of Medicine.

Dutta discovered how the cell cycle factor p21 interacts with and inhibits cyclin-dependent kinases and PCNA, identifying the cyclin-binding Cy or RXL motif that are also used by cdk to identify substrates for phosphorylation.[2][3][4] He discovered how the interaction of p21, Cdt1, Set8 and other important cell-cycle regulators with PCNA triggers their ubiquitylation by CRL4-Cdt2 and subsequent proteasomal degradation.[5][6][7][8] His laboratory cloned the cDNAs of many human DNA replication initiation factors and their regulators (Orc3, Orc4, Orc5, Orc6, Cdc6, Cdt1, Cdc45, Mcm10, geminin) [9][10] and identified how the geminin-Cdt1 balance is important for the prevention of over-replication in human cells.[11][12][13][14] These discoveries explained how a new experimental anti-cancer drug MLN4924 (Pevonedistat) caused over-replication of the DNA and DNA damage leading to cancer cell death. The lab discovered the E2 in the Fanconi Anemia pathway, UBE2T, that is now known to cause Fanconi Anemia (FANCT).[15] In an early adoption of genomic technologies as part of the ENCODE pilot project, Dutta's lab molecularly identified domains of human chromosomes that replicated early or late in S phase and showed that they corresponded to chromosomal domains with active or repressive epigenetic marks respectively.[16] He confirmed that most origins of replication in human cells appear to be zones with multiple initiation sites that are each used inefficiently in a given cell in a population of cells.[17] The laboratory discovered tens of thousands of extrachromosomal circles of DNA (microDNA) in normal and cancerous cells and in tissues in humans, mice and chickens and somatically mosaic chromosomal microdeletions in some of the hotspots of microDNA production.[18] The microDNA are released into the circulation and will add to the repertoire of cell-free-circulating DNA that is being used for liquid biopsy in cancers and in prenatal noninvasive genetic diagnoses.[19] Finally, the lab has discovered how deletion of MCM9 and ASF1a genes in certain human cancers make the cancer cells susceptible to DNA damage-inducing therapy [20] and that the USP46 deubiquitinase should be targeted for therapy of cancers caused by human papillomavirus.[21]

In the area of noncoding RNAs, Dutta discovered the role of microRNAs like miR-206 and of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) like H19 and MUNC in promoting skeletal muscle differentiation and regeneration after injury.[22][23][24] The group has identified the roles of several microRNAs in tumorigenesis [25] and scores of long noncoding RNAs whose expression levels predict the outcome of gliomas (e.g. DRAIC, LINC00152 or APTR) and has suggested that lncRNA expression patterns could be used for prognostic purposes.[26] Dutta has identified a novel family of short RNAs derived from the processing of tRNAs, called tRFs. tRFs are emerging to be versatile regulators of cell function, with some of them regulating cellular gene expression by microRNA-like pathways even though they are not generated by enzymes that normally generate microRNAs [27][28][29][30]

Honors and awards
  • National Merit Scholar, National Science Talent Scholar, India (1975)
  • Best Outgoing Student, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India (1981)
  • Postdoctoral Fellowship (1990), Junior Faculty Award (1993) and Research Scholar Award (2001), American Cancer Society
  • Research Career Development Award, U.S. Army Breast Cancer Research Program (1994)
  • Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science (2007)
  • Ranbaxy Research Award in Basic Biomedical Science (2009)
  • Harry F. Byrd Professor (2003-2018), Harrison Distinguished Professor (2018-), Millipub Award for papers with >1000 citations (2012), Team Science Award (2012), Distinguished Scientist Award (2015), University of Virginia
  • Outstanding Investigator Award, American Society for Investigative Pathology (2015)
  • Mark Brothers Award, Indiana University School of Medicine (2016)

Professional activities

Over 75 trainees (postdoctoral fellows, Ph.D. and M.D. students and undergraduates) have passed through Dutta's laboratory, of whom over 30 currently hold independent positions doing research in academia or industry. As Chair of the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, he has hired nine faculty members and developed a research focus area in the department on epigenetics and genomics in cancer. Dutta has served as Editor of the Journal of Biological Chemistry and as Senior Editor of Cancer Research. He has served as a reviewer for the National Institutes of Health, U.S. Armed Forces Cancer Research Program, Cancer Research UK, Wellcome Trust UK, CNRS/INSERM France, Austrian Science Fund, European Union's FP7 program, DBT-Wellcome Trust India Alliance, Institute for Basic Science (Korea) and on the external review committee for Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation and for Thomas Jefferson University. Dutta has been elected to organize two Gordon Research Conferences on Cell proliferation and on Genome stability and organized three Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory meetings on Eukaryotic DNA replication and Genome Maintenance. He has served on the Program Committees for annual meetings of the American Society for Investigative Pathology and of the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.

gollark: Quantum computing accelerates specific workloads, not just *everything*.
gollark: I suppose the future might have a lot of vertical integration going on.
gollark: Not really. They package existing components into computers.
gollark: It does seem odd that Apple and Alienware got into quantum computing, but that was probably a throwaway joke thing I got too focused on.
gollark: Perhaps we should have ones from more than one manufacturer, in case one has some sort of problematic problem.

References
  1. "AAAS Annual Report 2007" (PDF). American Association for the Advancement of Science. p. 22.
  2. Chen, J; Jackson, PK; Kirschner, MW; Dutta, A (23 March 1995). "Separate domains of p21 involved in the inhibition of Cdk kinase and PCNA". Nature. 374 (6520): 386–8. Bibcode:1995Natur.374..386C. doi:10.1038/374386a0. PMID 7885482.
  3. Takeda, DY; Wohlschlegel, JA; Dutta, A (19 January 2001). "A bipartite substrate recognition motif for cyclin-dependent kinases". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 276 (3): 1993–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.M005719200. PMID 11067844.
  4. Chen, J; Saha, P; Kornbluth, S; Dynlacht, BD; Dutta, A (September 1996). "Cyclin-binding motifs are essential for the function of p21CIP1". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 16 (9): 4673–82. doi:10.1128/MCB.16.9.4673. PMC 231467. PMID 8756624.
  5. Abbas, T; Shibata, E; Park, J; Jha, S; Karnani, N; Dutta, A (8 October 2010). "CRL4(Cdt2) regulates cell proliferation and histone gene expression by targeting PR-Set7/Set8 for degradation". Molecular Cell. 40 (1): 9–21. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2010.09.014. PMC 2966975. PMID 20932471.
  6. Abbas, T; Dutta, A (June 2009). "p21 in cancer: intricate networks and multiple activities". Nature Reviews. Cancer. 9 (6): 400–14. doi:10.1038/nrc2657. PMC 2722839. PMID 19440234.
  7. Abbas, T; Sivaprasad, U; Terai, K; Amador, V; Pagano, M; Dutta, A (15 September 2008). "PCNA-dependent regulation of p21 ubiquitylation and degradation via the CRL4Cdt2 ubiquitin ligase complex". Genes & Development. 22 (18): 2496–506. doi:10.1101/gad.1676108. PMC 2546691. PMID 18794347.
  8. Senga, T; Sivaprasad, U; Zhu, W; Park, JH; Arias, EE; Walter, JC; Dutta, A (10 March 2006). "PCNA is a cofactor for Cdt1 degradation by CUL4/DDB1-mediated N-terminal ubiquitination". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 281 (10): 6246–52. doi:10.1074/jbc.M512705200. PMID 16407252.
  9. Bell, SP; Dutta, A (2002). "DNA replication in eukaryotic cells". Annual Review of Biochemistry. 71: 333–74. doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.71.110601.135425. PMID 12045100.
  10. Dhar, SK; Yoshida, K; Machida, Y; Khaira, P; Chaudhuri, B; Wohlschlegel, JA; Leffak, M; Yates, J; Dutta, A (10 August 2001). "Replication from oriP of Epstein-Barr virus requires human ORC and is inhibited by geminin". Cell. 106 (3): 287–96. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00458-5. PMID 11509178.
  11. Machida, YJ; Dutta, A (15 January 2007). "The APC/C inhibitor, Emi1, is essential for prevention of rereplication". Genes & Development. 21 (2): 184–94. doi:10.1101/gad.1495007. PMC 1770901. PMID 17234884.
  12. Machida, YJ; Hamlin, JL; Dutta, A (7 October 2005). "Right place, right time, and only once: replication initiation in metazoans". Cell. 123 (1): 13–24. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2005.09.019. PMID 16213209.
  13. Vaziri, C; Saxena, S; Jeon, Y; Lee, C; Murata, K; Machida, Y; Wagle, N; Hwang, DS; Dutta, A (April 2003). "A p53-dependent checkpoint pathway prevents rereplication". Molecular Cell. 11 (4): 997–1008. doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(03)00099-6. PMID 12718885.
  14. Wohlschlegel, JA; Dwyer, BT; Dhar, SK; Cvetic, C; Walter, JC; Dutta, A (22 December 2000). "Inhibition of eukaryotic DNA replication by geminin binding to Cdt1". Science. 290 (5500): 2309–12. Bibcode:2000Sci...290.2309W. doi:10.1126/science.290.5500.2309. PMID 11125146.
  15. Machida, YJ; Dutta, A (15 January 2007). "The APC/C inhibitor, Emi1, is essential for prevention of rereplication". Genes & Development. 21 (2): 184–94. doi:10.1101/gad.1495007. PMC 1770901. PMID 17234884.
  16. ENCODE Project, Consortium.; Birney, E; Stamatoyannopoulos, JA; Dutta, A; Guigó, R; Gingeras, TR; Margulies, EH; Weng, Z; Snyder, M; Dermitzakis, ET; Thurman, RE; Kuehn, MS; Taylor, CM; Neph, S; Koch, CM; Asthana, S; Malhotra, A; Adzhubei, I; Greenbaum, JA; Andrews, RM; Flicek, P; Boyle, PJ; Cao, H; Carter, NP; Clelland, GK; Davis, S; Day, N; Dhami, P; Dillon, SC; et al. (14 June 2007). "Identification and analysis of functional elements in 1% of the human genome by the ENCODE pilot project". Nature. 447 (7146): 799–816. Bibcode:2007Natur.447..799B. doi:10.1038/nature05874. PMC 2212820. PMID 17571346.
  17. Karnani, N; Taylor, CM; Malhotra, A; Dutta, A (1 February 2010). "Genomic study of replication initiation in human chromosomes reveals the influence of transcription regulation and chromatin structure on origin selection". Molecular Biology of the Cell. 21 (3): 393–404. doi:10.1091/mbc.e09-08-0707. PMC 2814785. PMID 19955211.
  18. Shibata, Y; Kumar, P; Layer, R; Willcox, S; Gagan, JR; Griffith, JD; Dutta, A (6 April 2012). "Extrachromosomal microDNAs and chromosomal microdeletions in normal tissues". Science. 336 (6077): 82–6. Bibcode:2012Sci...336...82S. doi:10.1126/science.1213307. PMC 3703515. PMID 22403181.
  19. Kumar, P; Dillon, LW; Shibata, Y; Jazaeri, AA; Jones, DR; Dutta, A (September 2017). "Normal and Cancerous Tissues Release Extrachromosomal Circular DNA (eccDNA) into the Circulation". Molecular Cancer Research. 15 (9): 1197–1205. doi:10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-17-0095. PMC 5581709. PMID 28550083.
  20. Lee, KY; Im, JS; Shibata, E; Dutta, A (5 October 2017). "ASF1a Promotes Non-homologous End Joining Repair by Facilitating Phosphorylation of MDC1 by ATM at Double-Strand Breaks". Molecular Cell. 68 (1): 61–75.e5. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2017.08.021. PMC 5743198. PMID 28943310.
  21. Kiran, S; Dar, A; Singh, SK; Lee, KY; Dutta, A (6 December 2018). "The Deubiquitinase USP46 Is Essential for Proliferation and Tumor Growth of HPV-Transformed Cancers". Molecular Cell. 72 (5): 823–835.e5. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2018.09.019. PMC 6294304. PMID 30415951.
  22. Mueller, AC; Cichewicz, MA; Dey, BK; Layer, R; Reon, BJ; Gagan, JR; Dutta, A (February 2015). "MUNC, a long noncoding RNA that facilitates the function of MyoD in skeletal myogenesis". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 35 (3): 498–513. doi:10.1128/MCB.01079-14. PMC 4285423. PMID 25403490.
  23. Dey, BK; Pfeifer, K; Dutta, A (1 March 2014). "The H19 long noncoding RNA gives rise to microRNAs miR-675-3p and miR-675-5p to promote skeletal muscle differentiation and regeneration". Genes & Development. 28 (5): 491–501. doi:10.1101/gad.234419.113. PMC 3950346. PMID 24532688.
  24. Kim, HK; Lee, YS; Sivaprasad, U; Malhotra, A; Dutta, A (28 August 2006). "Muscle-specific microRNA miR-206 promotes muscle differentiation". The Journal of Cell Biology. 174 (5): 677–87. doi:10.1083/jcb.200603008. PMC 2064311. PMID 16923828.
  25. Lee, YS; Dutta, A (1 May 2007). "The tumor suppressor microRNA let-7 represses the HMGA2 oncogene". Genes & Development. 21 (9): 1025–30. doi:10.1101/gad.1540407. PMC 1855228. PMID 17437991.
  26. Reon, BJ; Anaya, J; Zhang, Y; Mandell, J; Purow, B; Abounader, R; Dutta, A (December 2016). "Expression of lncRNAs in Low-Grade Gliomas and Glioblastoma Multiforme: An In Silico Analysis". PLOS Medicine. 13 (12): e1002192. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002192. PMC 5140055. PMID 27923049.
  27. Lee, YS; Shibata, Y; Malhotra, A; Dutta, A (15 November 2009). "A novel class of small RNAs: tRNA-derived RNA fragments (tRFs)". Genes & Development. 23 (22): 2639–49. doi:10.1101/gad.1837609. PMC 2779758. PMID 19933153.
  28. Kumar, P; Kuscu, C; Dutta, A (August 2016). "Biogenesis and Function of Transfer RNA-Related Fragments (tRFs)". Trends in Biochemical Sciences. 41 (8): 679–689. doi:10.1016/j.tibs.2016.05.004. PMC 5173347. PMID 27263052.
  29. Kumar, P; Anaya, J; Mudunuri, SB; Dutta, A (1 October 2014). "Meta-analysis of tRNA derived RNA fragments reveals that they are evolutionarily conserved and associate with AGO proteins to recognize specific RNA targets". BMC Biology. 12: 78. doi:10.1186/s12915-014-0078-0. PMC 4203973. PMID 25270025.
  30. Lee, YS; Shibata, Y; Malhotra, A; Dutta, A (15 November 2009). "A novel class of small RNAs: tRNA-derived RNA fragments (tRFs)". Genes & Development. 23 (22): 2639–49. doi:10.1101/gad.1837609. PMC 2779758. PMID 19933153.
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