Anilius

The Aniliidae are a monotypic family[2] created for the monotypic genus Anilius[3] that contains the single species A. scytale.[4] Common names include American pipe snake and false coral snake.[2] It is found in South America. This snake possesses a vestigial pelvic girdle that is visible as a pair of cloacal spurs. It is ovoviviparous. It is non-venomous, and its diet consists mainly of amphibians and other reptiles. Currently, two subspecies are recognized, including the typical form described here.[4]

Anilius
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Squamata
Suborder: Serpentes
Infraorder: Alethinophidia
Clade: Amerophidia
Family: Aniliidae
Stejneger, 1907
Genus: Anilius
Oken, 1816
Species:
A. scytale
Binomial name
Anilius scytale
Synonyms
List
  • Ilysioidea - Fitzinger, 1826
  • Tortricina - Müller, 1823
  • Tortricidae - Jan, 1863
  • Ilysiidae - Boulenger, 1890
  • Aniliidae - Stejneger, 1907
  • Anilidae - Amaral, 1930
  • Aniliinae - Romer, 1956[1]
  • Tortrix - Oppel, 1811
  • Anilius - Oken, 1816
  • Elysia - Hemprich, 1820
  • Helison - Brazil,
  • Ilysia - Lichtenstein, 1823
  • Torquatrix - Haworth, 1825
  • Illisia - Schinz, 1883
  • Anileus - Agassiz, 1844[1]
  • [Anguis] Scytale Linnaeus, 1758
  • Anguis annulata Laurenti, 1768
  • Anguis fasciata Laurenti, 1768
  • Anguis caerulae Laurenti, 1768
  • Anguis corallina Laurenti, 1768
  • Anguis atra Laurenti, 1768
  • [Anguis] ater — Gmelin, 1788
  • Anguis Corallinus
    — Schneider, 1801
  • Anguis fasciatus
    — Schneider, 1801
  • Anguis ruber
    Latreille In Sonnini & Latreille, 1801
  • Tortr[ix]. scytale — Oppel, 1811
  • Tortr[ix]. coralinus [sic]
    Oppel, 1811 (ex errore)
  • Anilius scytale — Oken, 1816
  • [Tortrix] annulata — Merrem, 1820
  • Anguis (Elysia) Scytale
    — Hemprich, 1820
  • Ilysia scytale — Lichtenstein, 1823
  • Torquatrix scytale — Gray, 1825
  • Tortrix scytale
    — A.M.C. Duméril & Bibron, 1844
  • Ilysia scytale — Boulenger, 1893
  • A[nilius]. scytale [scylate] [sic] Roze, 1958 (ex errore)
  • Anilius scytale scytale
    — J. Peters & Orejas-Miranda, 1970[1]

Description
Spectacled caiman and false coral snake by Maria Sibylla Merian

This species is found in the Amazon rainforest of South America, the Guianas, and Trinidad and Tobago. It is a moderate-sized snake attaining a size of about 70 cm (28 in) in length. It is reported to be ovoviviparous and feeds on beetles, caecilians (burrowing amphibians), amphisbaenids (legless lizards), small fossorial snakes, fish, and frogs. It has a cylindrical body of uniform diameter and a very short tail; it is brightly banded in red and black (but without yellow bands); reduced eyes lie beneath large head scales. It is considered to be the snake that most resembles the original and ancestral snake condition, such as a lizard-like skull.[5]

Geographic range

They are found in the tropics of northern South America from southern and eastern Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana south through the Amazon Basin of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Brazil. The type locality given is "Indiis".[1]

Subspecies
Subspecies[4] Taxon author[4] Common name Geographic range
A. s. phelpsorum Roze, 1958
A. s. scytale (Linnaeus, 1758)

Taxonomy

Modern classifications restrict the family to the South American red pipe snake or false coral snake Anilius scytale, with the previously included Asian genus Cylindrophis raised to a separate family, Cylindrophiidae. Anilius is not closely related to Asian pipesnakes. Instead, its closest relatives appear to be the Neotropical Tropidophiidae.[6][7]

gollark: I think this is conflating vaguely sympathetic/understandable/ethical somewhat.
gollark: According to most ethical theories, that still wouldn't justify killing millions+ of people.
gollark: I think that killing vast numbers of people was still bad, as they could just have not done that and it was an entirely predictable result, personally.
gollark: *All* natural languages are horrible in various ways.
gollark: Solomonoff induction.

References
  1. McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré T. 1999. Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Volume 1. Washington, District of Columbia: Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. ISBN 1-893777-00-6 (series). ISBN 1-893777-01-4 (volume).
  2. "Aniliidae". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 14 August 2007.
  3. "Anilius". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 14 August 2007.
  4. "Anilius scytale". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 14 August 2007.
  5. Evolution – snake
  6. Pyron, RA; Burbrink, FT; Wiens, JJ (2013). "A phylogeny and revised classification of Squamata, including 4161 species of lizards and snakes". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 13: 93. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-13-93. PMC 3682911. PMID 23627680.
  7. Reynolds, RG; Niemiller, ML; Revell, LJ (2014). "Toward a Tree-of-Life for the boas and pythons: multilocus species-level phylogeny with unprecedented taxon sampling" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 71: 201–213. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.11.011. PMID 24315866. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-12-02. Retrieved 2018-05-14.

Further reading
  • Boos HEA. 2001. The Snakes of Trinidad and Tobago. College Station, Texas: Texas A&M University Press. ISBN 1-58544-116-3.
  • Martins M, Oliveira ME. 1999. Natural history of snakes in forests of the Manaus region, Central Amazonia, Brazil. Herpetological Natural History 6: 78-150. PDF.
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