Angora goat

The Angora goat (Turkish: Ankara keçisi) is a breed of domesticated goat, historically known as Angora. Angora goats produce the lustrous fibre known as mohair.

An Angora goat

History

The Angora goat has been regarded by some as a direct descendant of the Central Asian markhor (Capra falconeri).[1][2] They have been in the region since around the Paleolithic.[3] Angora goats were depicted on the reverse of the Turkish 50 lira banknotes of 1938–1952.[4]

Introduction to Europe

The first Angora goats were brought to Europe by Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, about 1554, but, like later imports, were not very successful.

Introduction to Australia

Angora goats were first imported into Australia in 1832 and 1833. They came from M Polonceau's stud in France to the property of the Riley family of Raby, New South Wales. Pure bred Angoras were imported from Ottoman Empire in subsequent years up to 1873, to properties in New South Wales, Victoria, and later South Australia. Other states followed and there were importations from South Africa in 1873 and from USA between 1890 and 1910.

Introduction to New Zealand

Angora goats were introduced to New Zealand in approximately 1867 by the Auckland, Canterbury and Otago acclimatisation societies in an attempt to farm animals with more valuable skins.[5] Angora goats initially struggled to gain a foothold but were unsuccessfully trialed for weed-control purposes at Maungaturoto in 1904 and, following escapes, a feral population established at Waipu while a government herd was established at Helena Bay. In the 1970s numbers of the Waipu feral Angoras were captured and used as base animals for a Government initiative aimed at broadening NZ's agricultural base. These Angoras were initially improved with Australian genetics. In the mid 1980s imports from South Africa and Texan genetics (via Australia) were used to further improve the New Zealand Angora.[6]

Introduction to South Africa

In 1838, Sultan Mahmud II of Ottoman Empire sent twelve neutered rams and one female to Port Elizabeth in South Africa. The rams were rendered infertile as the Sultan wanted to protect his country's powerful mohair empire. However, the ewe on board was pregnant and gave birth to a kid ram en route to Africa, which was the start of the industry in South Africa. Today's Karoo region produces the most mohair in the world.[7] Shortly after the early importations to establish the Angora in the Cape Colony, many later importations were made for money making ventures. The most notable, was Evans, a farmer from Angora that imported Angora Goats with a much oilier fleece and played a role in the growing mohair market as they later sold for as much as €450.[8]

Introduction to North America

Angora goats were first introduced in the United States in 1849 by Dr. James P. Davis. Seven adult goats were a gift from Sultan Abdülmecid I in appreciation for his services and advice on the raising of cotton. More goats were imported over time, until the Civil War destroyed most of the large flocks in the south. Eventually, Angora goats began to thrive in the southwest, particularly in Texas, wherever there are sufficient grasses and shrubs to sustain them. Texas to this day remains the largest mohair producer in the U.S., and third largest in the world.

Characteristics
Angora goats are normally white, but colored Angoras are growing in popularity

The fleece taken from an Angora goat is called mohair. A single goat produces between four and five kilograms of hair per year. Angoras are shorn twice a year. Angoras, despite their coats, are not directly related to sheep.

Turkey, Argentina, the United States, and South Africa are the top producers of mohair.[9] Secondary producers include New Zealand[10] and Australia. For a long time, Angora goats were bred for their white coats. In 1998, the Colored Angora Goat Breeders Association was set up to promote breeding of colored Angoras.[11] Now, Angora goats produce white, black (deep black to greys and silver), red (the color fades significantly as the goat gets older), and brownish fibers.

Angora goats are more susceptible to external parasites (ectoparasites) than similar animals, as their coats are denser. They are not prolific breeders, nor are they considered very hardy, being particularly delicate during the first few days of life. Further, Angoras have high nutritional requirements due to their rapid hair growth. A poor-quality diet will curtail mohair development.

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See also

References
  1. John Lord Hayes (1868). The Angora goat: its origin, culture and products. Boston, 1868
  2. Olive Schreiner (1898). Angora goat ... : and, A paper on the ostrich ... London : Longmans, 1898
  3. Carol Ekarius (10 September 2008). Storey's Illustrated Breed Guide to Sheep, Goats, Cattle, and Pigs: 163 Breeds from Common to Rare. Storey Publishing. p. 150. ISBN 978-1-60342-037-2.
  4. Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey Archived 2009-06-03 at WebCite. Banknote Museum:
    2. Emission Group – Fifty Turkish Lira – I. Series Archived 2009-02-25 at the Wayback Machine;
    3. Emission Group – Fifty Turkish Lira – I. Series Archived 2008-12-25 at the Wayback Machine & II. Series Archived 2007-09-12 at the Wayback Machine . – Retrieved on 20 April 2009.
  5. "2. – Goats and goat farming". Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand. 2008-11-24. Retrieved 2018-03-24.
  6. Angoras, Waipu. "History of New Zealand Angora Goat Farming at Waipu Angoras". Waipuangoras.com. Retrieved 2018-03-24.
  7. "Mohair Story". Mohair.co.za. Archived from the original on 2018-03-24. Retrieved 2018-03-24.
  8. Pringle, W.A; Dockel, J. A (September 1989). "The South African Angora Goat and Mohair Industry". South African Journal of Economics. The Economic Society of South Africa. 57.
  9. "South African Department of Agriculture, Forestry & Fisheries, 2011" (PDF). Retrieved 2018-03-24.
  10. "4. – Goats and goat farming". Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand. 2008-11-24. Retrieved 2018-03-24.
  11. "Colored Angora Goat Breeders Association". Cagba.org. 2014-06-20. Retrieved 2018-03-24.
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