Andrographis
Andrographis is a genus of flowering plants in the family Acanthaceae. They may be known generally as the false waterwillows,[1] and several are called periyanagai.[2]
| Andrographis | |
|---|---|
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| Andrographis echioides | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Lamiales |
| Family: | Acanthaceae |
| Subfamily: | Acanthoideae |
| Tribe: | Andrographideae |
| Genus: | Andrographis Wall. ex Nees |
| Species | |
|
See text | |
Most species are native to Asia.[3] Many are endemic to India.[4] They may be herbs or shrubs.[2]
Some species are used medicinally. The best known is Andrographis paniculata, which is valued in Ayurveda, Unani, and Siddha medicine. It is used to treat a very long list of illnesses and conditions.[3] A. alata and A. lineata are used in human and veterinary medicine.[2]
It is not clear how many valid species currently belong to the genus. Estimates vary from 19[5][6] to 28[3][4] to 40[7][2] to 44.[8]
Species include:[8]
- Andrographis affinis
- Andrographis alata
- Andrographis atropurpurea
- Andrographis beddomei
- Andrographis ceylanica
- Andrographis elongata
- Andrographis explicata
- Andrographis glandulosa
- Andrographis gracilis
- Andrographis humifusa
- Andrographis lawsonii
- Andrographis laxiflora
- Andrographis lobelioides
- Andrographis macrobotrys
- Andrographis neesiana
- Andrographis orbiculata
- Andrographis ovata
- Andrographis paniculata - king-of-bitters, kalmegh, maha-tita, bhui-neem
- Andrographis producta
- Andrographis rothii
- Andrographis rotundifolia
- Andrographis sinensis
- Andrographis stellulata
- Andrographis tenera
References
- Andrographis. Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
- Boopathi, C. A. (2000). Andrographis spp.: A source of bitter compounds for medicinal use. Anc Sci Life 19(3-4) 164-8.
- Niranjan, A., et al. (2010). Biological activities of kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata Nees) and its active principles - A review. Indian J Nat Prod Resour 1(2) 125-35.
- Gnanasekaran, G. and G. V. S. Murthy. (2012). Lectotypifications in Andrographis (Acanthaceae). Rheedia 22(2) 77-79.
- Patidar, S., et al. (2011). Biochemical constituents in kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata Nees.) under various row spacings and nitrogen levels. World Applied Sciences Journal 15(8) 1095-99.
- Bhattacharya, S., et al. (2012). Studies on seed germination and seedling growth in kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata Wall. ex Nees) under abiotic stress conditions. International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology 1(3) 197-204.
- Rao, Y. K., et al. (2003). Flavonoids from Andrographis viscosula. Chem Farm Bull 51(12) 1374-76.
- Parixit, B., et al. (2012). The genus Andrographis: A review. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 4(2) 1835-56.
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