An (cuneiform)

The cuneiform an sign, (or sumerogram AN), is a common, multi-use sign, a syllabic for an, and an alphabetic sign used for a, or n; it is common in both the Epic of Gilgamesh over hundreds of years, and the 1350 BC Amarna letters, and other cuneiform texts. It is also used for the designation of a "god", and is sometimes represented as a superscript: ^d, or capitalized: ^D, for "dingir", English language, "god". The example photo at right shows (2nd list), a list of 14 named gods, all with "an"; the first pair on the list AN-UTU, or ^DUTU, refers to the "sun-god", using Ud (cuneiform), as the sumerogram, namely UTU (sun Sumerogram).

See also: Dingir

Digitized cuneiform sign for an.

Line drawing of Kassite vocabulary list.
The first two Gods in Column 2, God Sin, and God Shamash; (Shamash again as God #3).
Gods #4/5 (identical), are the "Wind Gods", Adad, and Rammânu.

Cuneiform an can also be found in compound form with another cuneiform sign, an example being DAGAL, . The older version of DAGAL used the 'god symbol' as a star within the sign: ; (older version of DAGAL, incorporating "star": ).

Epic of Gilgamesh usage

In the Epic of Gilgamesh, Tablets I-XII, "an" is used for the following meanings by the following numbers: an-(120) times, ^d-(593), AN-(27), and DINGIR-(76) times.[1]

List of Babylonian Gods, etc.

From Budge's revised book on Babylonian Life and History, a list of many of the major gods from Babylonian history (and Sumerian):[2]

Anu, or Anum Bêl, (An Be), or Enlil, (An En lil), -? Ea, (An É a), The "Moon-God": Sin, (An-Sin), An Enzu, (An En-zu), Nannaru, (An LUGAL Ki) Shamash, (An UTU) The "Wind-God": (see Photo-caption, above) Adad Rammânu The "Great God-of-Babylon": Marduk or Bêl-Marduk Nabû(Nebo), (An ?, or An "pa"), -?, or

Ninurta(Enurta) Nergal Gibil Nusku, (An Nus?-ku), Irra Ashshur Tiamat Apsu(Abzu) Lakhmu Lakhamu Anshar Kishar Mummu, (An Mu-um-mu), --- Kingu Ishtar Ninlil, (An Nin Lil) Damkina, (An Dam Ki na), -Dam-

List of gods and associated temples, towns, etc.

Anu, or Anum, the E-anna in Uruk Bêl, (An Be) or Enlil, (An En lil), E-kur in Nippur Ea, (An É a), E-apsu in Eridu; Ibex The "Moon-God": Sin, (An-Sin), E-gishshirgal in Ur, E-khulkhul in Harran Enzu, (An En-zu) Nannaru, (An LUGAL Ki)

Shamash, (An UTU) The "Wind-God": Adad Rammânu The "Great God-of-Babylon": Marduk, (E-sagila in Babylon, w/"serpent-gryphon", No. "Ten", Jupiter), or, Bêl-Marduk Nabû(Nebo), (An ?, or An "pa"), Shrines at Borsippa, and Calah-(Nimrud)

References

1. Parpola, 197l. The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh, Sign List, pp. 155-165, Sign no. 013, p. 155.
2. Budge, . Babylonian Life and History, E.A.Wallace Budge, (Barnes & Noble edition), c 2005, (c 1883, revised 1925), 245 pages, Chapter: "Babylonian Religious Beliefs", pp. 80-95, list: pp. 94-95.

• Budge, . Babylonian Life and History, E.A.Wallace Budge, (Barnes & Noble edition), c 2005, (c 1883, revised 1925), 245 pages. (softcover, ISBN 978-0-7607-6549-4)
• Moran, William L. 1987, 1992. The Amarna Letters. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987, 1992. 393 pages.(softcover, ISBN 0-8018-6715-0)
• Parpola, 197l. The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh, Parpola, Simo, Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project, c 1997, Tablet I thru Tablet XII, Index of Names, Sign List, and Glossary-(pp. 119–145), 165 pages.(softcover, ISBN 951-45-7760-4)-(Volume 1)

Line drawing with usage of an sign. Used in lines 1-(=0), 4, and 10.

Amran Kudurru. (used at beginning of 1st line)