Aníbal Pinto

Aníbal Pinto Garmendia (American Spanish: [aˈniβal ˈpinto]; March 15, 1825 – June 9, 1884) was a Chilean political figure. He served as the president of Chile between 1876 and 1881.

This article is about president of Chile. For the economist, see Aníbal Pinto Santa Cruz.

This article uses Spanish naming customs: the first or paternal family name is Pinto and the second or maternal family name is Garmendia.

Aníbal Pinto
8th President of Chile
In office September 18, 1876 – September 18, 1881
Preceded by	Federico Errázuriz Zañartu
Succeeded by	Domingo Santa María
Personal details
Born	(1825-03-15)March 15, 1825 Santiago, Chile
Died	June 9, 1884(1884-06-09) (aged 59) Valparaíso, Chile
Political party	Liberal
Spouse(s)	Delfina de la Cruz

Early life

He was born in Santiago de Chile, the son of former Chilean president General Francisco Antonio Pinto and of Luisa Garmendia Aldurralde. He completed his studies at the Colegio Argentino de Santiago and the Instituto Nacional. At the age of 20, he joined the foreign service, and was posted as under-secretary to the Chilean Legation to the Holy See. He returned to Chile two years later, in 1850. Two years later, he was elected to the lower house of congress, and was reelected several times. Later, he became a Senator and, in 1861, was named Intendant of Concepción, position that he held for 10 years. There he married Delfina de la Cruz Zañartu, daughter of General José María de la Cruz Prieto and Josefa Zañartu Trujillo.

In 1871, President Errázuriz named him minister of war and navy, and, from that position, became one of the contenders for the presidential nomination. He first defeated Miguel Luis Amunátegui in the liberal primaries, and later Benjamín Vicuña in the presidential elections.

Administration

His government started under the weight of the worst Chilean economic crisis of the 19th century. This was made worse by the floods of 1876, that laid waste to the nascent infrastructure. An earthquake on May 9, 1877, completed the destruction. At this juncture, he declared the non-convertibility of the currency, a measure that prevented a run on the banks and saved the public credit, but caused him the enmity of the opposition.

In 1878, he named Viña del Mar as a commune.

Nonetheless, the principal crisis of his administration was the outbreak of the War of the Pacific with Peru and Bolivia. He managed to successfully face the first onslaught, at the same time, achieving the all-important Argentinian neutrality. On July 23, 1881, he signed a treaty with Argentina recognising Argentine sovereignty on eastern Patagonia and Eastern Tierra del Fuego but keeping the Strait of Magellan and western Tierra del Fuego under Chilean control.

He also managed to obtain the capture of Antofagasta and Tarapacá and used these territories as new sources of revenue to finance the rest of the war.

Later life

After his retirement from politics, a debt that he had personally guaranteed forced him to sell all his property, having to move to a very modest house near Victoria square, in Valparaíso. Though he was offered the position of senator or different embassies in Europe, he decided to make do working as a translator for the railroad companies. He died in Valparaíso in 1884.

External links

• Aníbal Pinto(in Spanish)

Political offices
Preceded by Federico Errázuriz Zañartu	President of Chile 1876-1881	Succeeded by Domingo Santa María
Government offices
Preceded by José Ramón Lira	Minister of War and Navy 1871-1875	Succeeded by Ignacio Zenteno